{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:09:53Z","timestamp":1778119793060,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The multidimensional etiology of pain may explain the beneficial effects of regular physical activity, as evidenced by increased pain tolerance. Physically active people find it easier to exert themselves, which enables them to increase their physical activity, which in turn leads to a reduction in pain. However, no study investigated the physical activity and exercise tests as modulators of pain sensitivity in pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in pain perception in pregnant women during pregnancy, with a particular interest in the effects of maximal progressive exercise test (CPET) and self-performed physical activity (PA). Thirty-one women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (aged 23\u201341 years; M = 31.29, SD = 4.18) were invited to participate in pain sensitivity measurements before and after CPET twice during pregnancy (with an 8-week break). We found that pregnant women had a significantly lower pain threshold after a maximal exercise test than before, regardless of whether the test was performed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. This effect was most pronounced in women with low levels of physical activity. Second, women with high physical activity had higher pain tolerance than women with moderate and low physical activity. In addition, physical activity levels predicted changes in pain tolerance over the course of pregnancy, with negative changes in women with low physical activity and positive changes in women with moderate physical activity. Finally, these associations were not reflected in differences in the subjective pain experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T17:31:09Z","timestamp":1723051869000},"page":"e0300058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How can the pain sensitivity to be affected by maximal progressive exercise test during pregnancy?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1747-5929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Le\u017anicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Gasiorowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-855X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Ja\u017cd\u017cewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Maciejewska-Skrendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lubkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3777-5697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Szumilewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0300058.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","article-title":"The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"SN Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"pone.0300058.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.12.008","article-title":"The association between COMT rs4680 and OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphisms and temperamental traits in combat athletes","volume":"124","author":"K Le\u017anicka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pers Individ Di"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300058.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.29359\/BJHPA.11.3.09","article-title":"Can physical activity modulate pain perception during ontogenesis?","volume":"11","author":"M Pawlak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Baltic J Health Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300058.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.01.002","article-title":"Pain and motor control: From the laboratory to rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"PW Hodges","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"pone.0300058.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200029020-00002","article-title":"Analgesia following exercise","volume":"29","author":"KF Koltyn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0300058.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232080-00001","article-title":"Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and intensity of exercise","volume":"32","author":"KF Koltyn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0300058.ref007","first-page":"123","article-title":"Aspects of pain in sport","volume":"3","author":"M. 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