{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:49:43Z","timestamp":1791229783536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The proliferation of smart devices in educational settings has prompted a need to investigate their influence on learners\u2019 attitudes and language learning outcomes. Recent advancements in smart technology (ST) have ignited curiosity regarding their impact on academic eagerness (AE), (AS), and academic performance (AP) among elementary English language learners. Despite this, there remains a dearth of comprehensive discussion in this area. This study encompasses all primary language students from the academic year 2023 as its sample. A multistage sampling method was employed for sample selection. The study introduced ST as an intervention over eight 45-minute sessions spanning two months. Data collection instruments included AE assessments adapted from Fredericks et al., an AS questionnaire developed by the researchers, and an AP questionnaire designed by Pham and Taylor. Data analysis incorporated statistical tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene test, and univariate analysis of covariance. The findings yield valuable insights into the impact of ST on AE, AS, and AP, shedding light on its potential advantages and limitations in language learning. Notably, the experimental group (EG) outperformed the control group (CG). These results contribute to the growing body of knowledge concerning ST integration in education and its consequences on AP and learner attitudes. Ultimately, this research aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing language learning outcomes and experiences among elementary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in the digital education era.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T17:30:35Z","timestamp":1715880635000},"page":"e0300147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the impact of smart technology on academic eagerness, academic seriousness, and academic performance in elementary english language learners as a foreign language"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-8110","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siros","family":"Izadpanah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0300147.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"A case study to examine undergraduate students\u2019 intention to use internet of things (IoT) services in the smart classroom.","author":"A Alhasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300147.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.187","article-title":"A review on deep learning for future smart cities","volume":"5","author":"S Bhattacharya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Internet Technology Letters"},{"key":"pone.0300147.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17439884.2023.2207143","article-title":"Smart teachers in smart schools in a smart city: teachers as adaptive agents of educational technology reforms.","author":"S Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Learning, Media and Technology."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300147.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-022-00654-5","article-title":"Technostress from smartphone use and its impact on university students\u2019 sleep quality and academic performance.","volume":"32","author":"N Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher"},{"key":"pone.0300147.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.112128","article-title":"Data-driven probabilistic machine learning in sustainable smart energy\/smart energy systems: Key developments, challenges, and future research opportunities in the context of smart grid paradigm.","volume":"160","author":"T Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"pone.0300147.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-24101-7_16","volume-title":"Digital Technologies for Smart Business, Economics and Education: Towards a Promising Future","author":"P Chatterjee","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300147.ref007","first-page":"37","article-title":"The effects of smart technology (classrooms equipped with smart boards) on motivation and academic achievement of high school students in Gobad-e-Kavous, Iran.","volume":"5","author":"M Aghili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0300147.ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"The predicting role of EFL students\u2019 achievement emotions and technological self-efficacy in their technology acceptance.","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300147.ref009","first-page":"198","article-title":"MALL in learning English through social networking tools: students\u2019 perceptions on Instagram feed-based task and peer feedback","volume":"23","author":"S Puangrimaggalatung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300147.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10649-2","article-title":"Understanding foreign language learners\u2019 perceptions of teachers\u2019 practice with educational technology with specific reference to Kahoot! 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