{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:10:18Z","timestamp":1767852618830,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Timely case notifications following the introduction of an uncommon pathogen, such as mpox, are critical for understanding disease transmission and for developing and implementing effective mitigation strategies. When Massachusetts public health officials notified the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about a confirmed orthopoxvirus case on May 17, 2023, which was later confirmed as mpox at CDC, mpox was not a nationally notifiable disease. Because existing processes for new data collections through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System were not well suited for implementation during emergency responses at the time of the mpox outbreak, several interim notification approaches were established to capture case data. These interim approaches were successful in generating daily case counts, monitoring disease transmission, and identifying high-risk populations. However, the approaches also required several data collection approvals by the federal government and the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists, the use of four different case report forms, and the establishment of complex data management and validation processes involving data element mapping and record-level de-duplication steps. We summarize lessons learned from these interim approaches to inform and improve case notifications during future outbreaks. These lessons reinforce CDC\u2019s Data Modernization Initiative to work in close collaboration with state, territorial, and local public health departments to strengthen case-based surveillance prior to the next public health emergency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T20:15:30Z","timestamp":1712866530000},"page":"e0300175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Deployment of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during the 2022\u201323 mpox outbreak in the United States\u2014Opportunities and challenges with case notifications during public health emergencies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3175-8784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeanette J.","family":"Rainey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia Michelle","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-7354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Velazquez-Kronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuyen","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Maitland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adi V.","family":"Gundlapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0300175.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7123e1","article-title":"Monkeypox Outbreak\u2014Nine States, May 2022.","volume":"71","author":"FS Minhaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"pone.0300175.ref002","article-title":"The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"350","author":"KD Reed","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0300175.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1086\/505880","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection","volume":"194","author":"MG Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0300175.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed1010008","article-title":"Human monkeypox: current state of knowledge and implications for the future","volume":"1","author":"K. 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