{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:32:21Z","timestamp":1781649141506,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.658629\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.658629\/2021-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Estadual Paulista"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/12656-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/12656-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/02950-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/02950-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Estadual Paulista"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.598229\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.598229\/2021-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["429549\/2018-0; 309045\/2017-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429549\/2018-0; 309045\/2017-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Estadual Paulista","award":["13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Estadual Paulista","award":["4\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gait impairments negatively affect the quality of life of people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PwPD). Aerobic exercise (AE) is an alternative to alleviate these impairments and its combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated synergistic effects. However, the effect of multitarget tDCS application (i.e., motor, and prefrontal cortices simultaneously) combined with physical exercise on gait impairments is still little known. Thus, the proposed randomized clinical trial will verify the acute effects of AE combined with tDCS applied on motor and prefrontal cortices separately and simultaneously on gait (spatial-temporal and cortical activity parameters) in PwPD. Twenty-four PwPD in Hoehn &amp; Yahr stages I-III will be recruited for this crossover study. PwPD will practice AE on treadmill simultaneously with the application of anodal tDCS during four intervention sessions on different days (\u223c one week of interval). Active tDCS will be applied to the primary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and both areas simultaneously (multitarget), with an intensity of 2 mA for 20 min. For sham, the stimulation will remain at 2 mA for 10 s. The AE will last a total of 30 min, consisting of warm-up, main part (20 min with application of tDCS), and recovery. Exercise intensity will be controlled by heart rate. Spatial-temporal and cortical activity parameters will be acquired before and after each session during overground walking, walking with obstacle avoidance, and walking with a cognitive dual task at self-preferred velocity. An accelerometer will be positioned on the fifth lumbar vertebra to obtain the spatial-temporal parameters (i.e., step length, duration, velocity, and swing phase duration). Prefrontal cortex activity will be recorded from a portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy system and oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations will be analyzed. Two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures for stimulation and moment will be performed. The findings of the study may contribute to improving gait in PwPD. Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-738zkp7).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T17:42:00Z","timestamp":1714066920000},"page":"e0300243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aerobic exercise on the treadmill combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on the gait of people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A protocol for a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Antonio Gazziero","family":"Moraca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Orcioli-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Regina","family":"Legutke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Paulo","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7261-6123","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thiago Martins","family":"Sirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Cavassano","family":"Zampier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Spiandor","family":"Beretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian Teresa Bucken","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-8456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabio Augusto","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0300243.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"GBD 2016 Parkinson\u2019s Disease Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.03.017","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Parkinsonism","volume":"119","author":"A Galvan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia: relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease and related disorders. Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"T Wichmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80768-2","article-title":"Gait parameters of Parkinson\u2019s disease compared with healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"APJ Zanardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26110","article-title":"Progression of gait dysfunction in incident Parkinson\u2019s disease: Impact of medication and phenotype","volume":"30","author":"B Galna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30044-4","article-title":"Gait impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"A Mirelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2009.09.006","article-title":"Obstacle crossing in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Foot clearance and spatiotemporal deficits","volume":"29","author":"B Galna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.09.011","article-title":"Effects of obstacle height on obstacle crossing in mild Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"R Vit\u00f3rio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.03.003","article-title":"Disease severity affects obstacle crossing in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"R Vit\u00f3rio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/671261","article-title":"A Review of Dual-Task Walking Deficits in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Motor and Cognitive Contributions, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications","volume":"2012","author":"VE Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320924430","article-title":"Levodopa Facilitates Prefrontal Cortex Activation During Dual Task Walking in Parkinson Disease","volume":"34","author":"D Orcioli-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-016-0099-2","article-title":"Measuring prefrontal cortical activity during dual task walking in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: feasibility of using a new portable fNIRS device","volume":"2","author":"F Nieuwhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316650426","article-title":"The role of the frontal lobe in complex walking among patients With Parkinson\u2019s Disease and healthy older adults: An fNIRS study","volume":"30","author":"I Maidan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00536","article-title":"Pre-frontal Cortical Activity During Walking and Turning Is Reliable and Differentiates Across Young, Older Adults and People With Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"S Stuart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211000736","article-title":"Cortical Activity Underlying Gait Improvements Achieved With Dopaminergic Medication During Usual Walking and Obstacle Avoidance in Parkinson Disease","volume":"35","author":"D Orcioli-Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041403","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.4.4.041403","article-title":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in movement science: a systematic review on cortical activity in postural and walking tasks","volume":"4","author":"F Herold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref017","first-page":"1760","article-title":"Immediate effects of speed-dependent treadmill training on gait parameters in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"84","author":"M Pohl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507077269","article-title":"The effects of incremental speed-dependent treadmill training on postural instability and fear of falling in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"BD Cakit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.05.015","article-title":"Six Weeks of Intensive Treadmill Training Improves Gait and Quality of Life in Patients With Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Pilot Study","volume":"88","author":"T Herman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.34603","article-title":"Long-term effect of body weight\u2013supported treadmill training in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"I Miyai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.01.013","article-title":"The Effect of Exercise Training in Improving Motor Performance and Corticomotor Excitability in People With Early Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"89","author":"BE Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514534277","article-title":"Combining physical training with transcranial direct current stimulation to improve gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study","volume":"28","author":"D Kaski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211019344","article-title":"Aerobic Exercise Combined With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Prefrontal Cortex in Parkinson Disease: Effects on Cortical Activity, Gait, and Cognition","volume":"35","author":"NR Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0562-4","article-title":"Does transcranial direct current stimulation improve functional locomotion in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"HK Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00245-2","article-title":"The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on gait in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"F Pol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.07.052","article-title":"Time up and go task performance improves after transcranial direct current stimulation in patient affected by Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"580","author":"R Manenti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.11.012","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves dual-task gait performance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A double blind, sham-controlled study","volume":"84","author":"R kinker Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.05.010","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation lessens dual task cost in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"626","author":"C Swank","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8953-1","article-title":"The effects of anodal tDCS over the supplementary motor area on gait initiation in Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait: a pilot study","volume":"265","author":"C Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.12.017","article-title":"Effectiveness of acute transcranial direct current stimulation on non-motor and motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"696","author":"MEB Bueno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.08.043","article-title":"Effects of tDCS on executive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"582","author":"D Doruk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10020096","article-title":"Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Pilot Study","volume":"10","author":"CD Workman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref033","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"PCA de Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00701-6","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with physical or cognitive training in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"VS Beretta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000751","article-title":"Treadmill Walking Combined With Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Parkinson Disease","volume":"96","author":"H Fern\u00e1ndez-Lago","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.227397","article-title":"The motor cortex drives the muscles during walking in human subjects","volume":"590","author":"TH Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 Statement: Defining Standard Protocol Items for Clinical Trials","volume":"158","author":"A-W Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases","volume":"55","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20213","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society Task Force report on the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale: Status and recommendations The Movement Disorder Society Task Force on rating scales for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2003000500014","article-title":"Sugest\u00f5es para o uso do mini-exame do estado mental no Brasil","volume":"61","author":"SMD Brucki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afi196","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I)","volume":"34","author":"L Yardley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21745","article-title":"Validation of the freezing of gait questionnaire in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"N Giladi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.08.019","article-title":"Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Preferred and Fast Walking in Young and Older Adults: An fNIRS Study","volume":"473","author":"V de Belli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320953824","article-title":"Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Walking: Effects of Aging and Associations With Gait and Executive Function","volume":"34","author":"P N\u00f3brega-Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.002","article-title":"Online fronto-cortical control of simple and attention-demanding locomotion in humans","volume":"112","author":"R Holtzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01054-8","article-title":"Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited","volume":"37","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.04.035","article-title":"Predicting maximum heart rate among patients with coronary heart disease receiving \u03b2-adrenergic blockade therapy","volume":"148","author":"CA Brawner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref049","first-page":"377","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"GA Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.001","article-title":"Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines","volume":"128","author":"A Antal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710001690","article-title":"A systematic review on reporting and assessment of adverse effects associated with transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"14","author":"AR Brunoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2419317","article-title":"Validation of an Accelerometer to Quantify a Comprehensive Battery of Gait Characteristics in Healthy Older Adults and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Toward Clinical and at Home Use","volume":"20","author":"S Del Din","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.02.003","article-title":"Instrumenting gait with an accelerometer: A system and algorithm examination","volume":"37","author":"A Godfrey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.02.019","article-title":"An enhanced estimate of initial contact and final contact instants of time using lower trunk inertial sensor data","volume":"36","author":"J McCamley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00190-X","article-title":"Assessment of spatio-temporal gait parameters from trunk accelerations during human walking","volume":"18","author":"W Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.036","article-title":"NIRS-SPM: Statistical parametric mapping for near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"44","author":"JC Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.10.002","article-title":"fNIRS response during walking\u2014Artefact or cortical activity? A systematic review","volume":"83","author":"R Vitorio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27300","article-title":"Multitarget transcranial direct current stimulation for freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"M Dagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28759","article-title":"Multitarget Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Freezing of Gait: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"36","author":"B Manor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001174","article-title":"Exercise Training Guidelines for Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke, and Parkinson Disease","volume":"98","author":"Y Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22491","article-title":"Rehabilitation treatment of gait in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing: A comparison between two physical therapy protocols using visual and auditory cues with or without treadmill training","volume":"24","author":"G Frazzitta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0300243.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007830.pub4","article-title":"Treadmill training for patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2015","author":"J Mehrholz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T17:42:51Z","timestamp":1714066971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300243"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Carels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300243","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]}}}