{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T19:06:57Z","timestamp":1772219217798,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["27404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["27404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["Reference 213674\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Reference 213674\/Z\/18\/Z"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ref: 104036\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref: 104036\/Z\/14\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Environmental exposures during the perinatal period are known to have a long-term effect on adult physical and mental health. One such influential environmental exposure is the time of year of birth which affects the amount of daylight, nutrients, and viral load that an individual is exposed to within this key developmental period. Here, we investigate associations between season of birth (seasonality), four mental health traits (\n                    <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>\n                    137,588) and multi-modal neuroimaging measures (\n                    <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>\n                    33,212) within the UK Biobank. Summer births were associated with probable recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (\u03b2 = 0.026,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>corr<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.028) and greater mean cortical thickness in temporal and occipital lobes (\u03b2 = 0.013 to 0.014,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>corr<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.05). Winter births were associated with greater white matter integrity globally, in the association fibers, thalamic radiations, and six individual tracts (\u03b2 = -0.013 to -0.022,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>corr<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.05). Results of sensitivity analyses adjusting for birth weight were similar, with an additional association between winter birth and white matter microstructure in the forceps minor and between summer births, greater cingulate thickness and amygdala volume. Further analyses revealed associations between probable depressive phenotypes and a range of neuroimaging measures but a paucity of interactions with seasonality. Our results suggest that seasonality of birth may affect later-life brain structure and play a role in lifetime recurrent Major Depressive Disorder. Due to the small effect sizes observed, and the lack of associations with other mental health traits, further research is required to validate birth season effects in the context of different latitudes, and by co-examining genetic and epigenetic measures to reveal informative biological pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T13:22:44Z","timestamp":1716384164000},"page":"e0300449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An epidemiological study of season of birth, mental health, and neuroimaging in the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3750-2428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Viejo-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather C.","family":"Whalley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueyi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleks","family":"Stolicyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6005-1972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David M.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0300449.ref001","volume-title":"Hippocratic Writings and On The Natural Faculties","author":"Encyclopaedia Britannica","year":"1952"},{"issue":"1363","key":"pone.0300449.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0173","article-title":"The Wellcome Foundation Lecture, 1994. The fetal origins of adult disease","volume":"262","author":"DJP Barker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000273066","article-title":"Developmental origins of adult disease","volume":"19","author":"SC Langley-Evans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv046","article-title":"Birth month affects lifetime disease risk: a phenome-wide method","volume":"22","author":"MR Boland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.085944","article-title":"Season of birth and anorexia nervosa","volume":"198","author":"G Disanto","year":"2011","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0300449.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034866","article-title":"Seasonal distribution of psychiatric births in England","volume":"7","author":"G Disanto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0300449.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718000454","article-title":"Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and season of birth within the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"49","author":"V Escott-Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0300449.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00506-5","article-title":"Birth seasonality and risk of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"34","author":"BK Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0300449.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.10.021","article-title":"Is cardiovascular mortality related to the season of birth?: evidence from more than 6 million cardiovascular deaths between 1992 and 2007","volume":"57","author":"T Reffelmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0300449.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000163697.34592.d4","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s disease and month of birth","volume":"11","author":"M Joossens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129984.01327.9D","article-title":"Season of birth and risk of brain tumors in adults","volume":"63","author":"AV Brenner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.03.013","article-title":"Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder","volume":"64","author":"M Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0300449.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602644","article-title":"Seasonal variation of nutrient intake in pregnancy: effects on infant measures and possible influence on diseases related to season of birth","volume":"61","author":"PE Watson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.91","article-title":"Prenatal immune programming of the sex-dependent risk for major depression","volume":"6","author":"SE Gilman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0300449.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001739","article-title":"Vitamin D concentration and psychotic disorder: associations with disease status, clinical variables and urbanicity","volume":"50","author":"C van der Leeuw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0300449.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23417","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23417","article-title":"Seasonality and season of birth effect in the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"32","author":"A Didikoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0300449.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12882","article-title":"Association of season of birth with DNA methylation and allergic disease","volume":"71","author":"GA Lockett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0300449.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.03.050","article-title":"Photoperiod programs dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons and affective behaviors","volume":"25","author":"NH Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00901","article-title":"Maternal photoperiodic programming: melatonin and seasonal synchronization before birth","volume":"10","author":"J van Dalum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2699","article-title":"Perinatal photoperiod imprints the circadian clock","volume":"14","author":"CM Ciarleglio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.1.125","article-title":"Enduring effects of photoperiod on affective behaviors in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)","volume":"120","author":"LM Pyter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72263-5","article-title":"Photoperiodic effects on monoamine signaling and gene expression throughout development in the serotonin and dopamine systems","volume":"10","author":"JK Siemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.011","article-title":"Prediction of individual season of birth using MRI","volume":"88","author":"SP Pantazatos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00755-3","article-title":"Season of birth and the risk of dementia in the population\u2010based Rotterdam Study","volume":"36","author":"SS Mooldijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.06.006","article-title":"Sand rats see the light: Short photoperiod induces a depression-like response in a diurnal rodent","volume":"173","author":"H Einat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.06.030","article-title":"Differential effects of photoperiod length on depression- and anxiety-like behavior in female and male diurnal spiny mice","volume":"165","author":"M Ben-Hamo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0300449.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12895","article-title":"Emerging depression in adolescence coincides with accelerated frontal cortical thinning","volume":"59","author":"MGN Bos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0300449.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0754-0","article-title":"Brain aging in major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group","volume":"26","author":"LKM Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05507-6","article-title":"Subcortical volume and white matter integrity abnormalities in major depressive disorder: findings from UK Biobank imaging data","volume":"7","author":"X Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0300449.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12972","article-title":"Longitudinal structural brain development and externalizing behavior in adolescence","volume":"59","author":"MGN Bos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0300449.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.72","article-title":"Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"T Wise","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0300449.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0443-z","article-title":"Positive psychotic symptoms are associated with divergent developmental trajectories of hippocampal volume during late adolescence in patients with 22q11DS","volume":"25","author":"V Mancini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7726","key":"pone.0300449.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"C Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.100","article-title":"Mental health in UK Biobank\u2013development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants: a reanalysis","volume":"6","author":"KAS Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0300449.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab274","article-title":"Methylome-wide association study of early life stressors and adult mental health","volume":"31","author":"DM Howard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0300449.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075362","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of probable major depression and bipolar disorder within UK Biobank: cross-sectional study of 172,751 participants","volume":"8","author":"DJ Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0300449.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13237","article-title":"The nosological status of unipolar mania and hypomania within UK Biobank according to objective and subjective measures of diurnal rest and activity","volume":"24","author":"N Sangha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bipolar Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0300449.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4393","article-title":"Multimodal population brain imaging in the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study","volume":"19","author":"KL Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01926-w","article-title":"Structural neuroimaging measures and lifetime depression across levels of phenotyping in UK biobank","volume":"12","author":"MA Harris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis: I. segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"AM Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis: II: inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system","volume":"9","author":"B Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087","article-title":"Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex","volume":"14","author":"B Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00034","article-title":"Desikan-Killiany-Tourville atlas compatible version of M-CRIB neonatal parcellated whole brain atlas: The M-CRIB 2.0","volume":"13","author":"B Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.034","article-title":"Image processing and Quality Control for the first 10,000 brain imaging datasets from UK Biobank","volume":"166","author":"F Alfaro-Almagro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0300449.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.09.035","article-title":"Molecular genetic contributions to social deprivation and household income in UK Biobank","volume":"26","author":"WD Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0300449.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.11.019","article-title":"Socioeconomic deprivation index is associated with psychiatric disorders: An observational and genome-wide gene-by-environment interaction analysis in the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"89","author":"J Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08219-1","article-title":"Apparent latent structure within the UK Biobank sample has implications for epidemiological analysis","volume":"10","author":"S Haworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.08.004","article-title":"Photoperiod during maternal pregnancy and lifetime depression in offspring","volume":"104","author":"EE Devore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2021.152253","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and symptoms of depression: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)","volume":"109","author":"J Airaksinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0300449.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.10.016","article-title":"Childhood adoption and mental health in adulthood: The role of gene-environment correlations and interactions in the UK Biobank","volume":"87","author":"K Lehto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300449.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00780-y","article-title":"Low neighborhood deprivation buffers against hippocampal neurodegeneration, white matter hyperintensities, and poorer cognition","volume":"45","author":"CH Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-6-20","article-title":"Season of birth, clinical manifestations and Dexamethasone Suppression Test in unipolar major depression","volume":"6","author":"KN Fountoulakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300449.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2016.57.3.784","article-title":"Potential relationship between season of birth and clinical characteristics in major depressive disorder in Koreans: Results from the CRESCEND study","volume":"57","author":"S-C Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0300449.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0477-2","article-title":"White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group","volume":"25","author":"LS van Velzen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0842-6","article-title":"ENIGMA MDD: seven years of global neuroimaging studies of major depression through worldwide data sharing","volume":"10","author":"L Schmaal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0368-9","article-title":"White matter abnormalities in bipolar disorder: insights from diffusion tensor imaging studies","volume":"117","author":"S Heng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0300449.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000180","article-title":"Abnormal white matter integrity as a structural endophenotype for bipolar disorder","volume":"46","author":"A Sar\u0131\u00e7i\u00e7ek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300449.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.05.004","article-title":"Reduced thalamic volumes in major depressive disorder","volume":"213","author":"AC Nugent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0300449.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.60","article-title":"Structural neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder: Meta-analysis and comparison with bipolar disorder","volume":"68","author":"MJ Kempton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.04.008","article-title":"The volumetric and shape changes of the putamen and thalamus in first episode, untreated major depressive disorder","volume":"11","author":"Y Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00183-X","article-title":"Birth month and suicidal and depressive symptoms in Australians born in the Southern vs. the Northern hemisphere","volume":"112","author":"TE Joiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000503069","article-title":"Impact of season of birth on psychiatric disorder susceptibility and drug abuse incidence in a population from the K\u00f6ppen Tropical Savanna region of Brazil","volume":"79","author":"FR Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10892-8","article-title":"Season of birth has no effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults","volume":"12","author":"Z Csajb\u00f3k","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300449.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01226-4","article-title":"Electroencephalographic sleep profiles in single-episode and recurrent unipolar forms of major depression: II. comparison during remission","volume":"51","author":"RD Jindal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.5.513","article-title":"Age of onset and familial risk in major depression","volume":"57","author":"MM Weissman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0300449.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.8.1243","article-title":"Stressful life events and previous episodes in the etiology of major depression in women: An evaluation of the \u201cKindling\u201d hypothesis","volume":"157","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.03.010","article-title":"Serotonin transporter gene moderates childhood maltreatment\u2019s effects on persistent but not single-episode depression: Replications and implications for resolving inconsistent results","volume":"135","author":"R Uher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0300449.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091380","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of major recurrent depression in the U.K. population","volume":"167","author":"CM Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.124","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder","volume":"16","author":"J Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300449.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(96)00022-9","article-title":"Birth seasonality in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and stillbirths","volume":"21","author":"E Fuller Torrey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.024","article-title":"Unipolar mania: Identification and characterisation of cases in France and the United Kingdom","volume":"263","author":"PRA Stokes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.036","article-title":"Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"68","author":"LM Rimol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0300449.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007030","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of northern hemisphere season of birth Ssudies in schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"G Davies","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0300449.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075508","article-title":"Alterations of white matter integrity related to the season of birth in schizophrenia: A DTI study","volume":"8","author":"S Giezendanner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15624","article-title":"Amygdala and subregion volumes are associated with photoperiod and seasonal depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"55","author":"NA Majrashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300449.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.180026","article-title":"Lifetime major depression and grey-matter volume","volume":"44","author":"ML Ancelin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0300449.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.044","article-title":"Structural assessment of thalamus morphology in brain disorders: A review and recommendation of thalamic nucleus segmentation and shape analysis","volume":"131","author":"JT Boelens Keun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0300449.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.020","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in major depression: abnormally increased contributions from subgenual cingulate cortex and thalamus","volume":"62","author":"MD Greicius","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1783","key":"pone.0300449.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20132438","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.2438","article-title":"Human birth seasonality: latitudinal gradient and interplay with childhood disease dynamics","volume":"281","author":"M Martinez-Bakker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0300449.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/17.2.191","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: seasonality of birth of future Sshizophrenics and seasonality of depressive episodes","volume":"17","author":"M. Bleuler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0300449.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1964.01720280031005","article-title":"Season of birth in schizophrenics: its relation to social class","volume":"11","author":"H Barry","year":"1964","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0300449.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9950","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305814110","article-title":"Circadian patterns of gene expression in the human brain and disruption in major depressive disorder","volume":"110","author":"JZ Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T13:23:38Z","timestamp":1716384218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300449"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Tanigaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300449","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.08.09.23293866","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]}}}