{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:29:08Z","timestamp":1789000148995,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    According to the 2018 WHO R&amp;D Blueprint, Nipah virus (NiV) is a priority disease, and the development of a vaccine against NiV is strongly encouraged. According to criteria used to categorize zoonotic diseases, NiV is a stage III disease that can spread to people and cause unpredictable outbreaks. Since 2001, the NiV virus has caused annual outbreaks in Bangladesh, while in India it has caused occasional outbreaks. According to estimates, the mortality rate for infected individuals ranges from 70 to 91%. Using immunoinformatic approaches to anticipate the epitopes of the MHC-I, MHC-II, and B-cells, they were predicted using the NiV glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein. The selected epitopes were used to develop a multi-epitope vaccine construct connected with linkers and adjuvants in order to improve immune responses to the vaccine construct. The 3D structure of the engineered vaccine was anticipated, optimized, and confirmed using a variety of computer simulation techniques so that its stability could be assessed. According to the immunological simulation tests, it was found that the vaccination elicits a targeted immune response against the NiV. Docking with TLR-3, 7, and 8 revealed that vaccine candidates had high binding affinities and low binding energies. Finally, molecular dynamic analysis confirms the stability of the new vaccine. Codon optimization and\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    cloning showed that the proposed vaccine was expressed to a high degree in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The study will help in identifying a potential epitope for a vaccine candidate against NiV. The developed multi-epitope vaccine construct has a lot of potential, but they still need to be verified by\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T13:27:04Z","timestamp":1715347624000},"page":"e0300507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Multi-epitope vaccine design using in silico analysis of glycoprotein and nucleocapsid of NIPAH virus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-8515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anoop","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreelekshmy","family":"Mohandas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragya D.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0300507.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01301-0","article-title":"Vaccine development for emerging infectious diseases","volume":"27","author":"JL Excler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146394","article-title":"Global effect of city-to-city air pollution, health conditions, climatic & socio-economic factors on COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"778","author":"SA Sarkodie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref003","first-page":"58","article-title":"Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Biology and Therapeutic Options","author":"S Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102433","article-title":"The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.","volume":"109","author":"HA Rothan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy612","article-title":"Outbreak Investigation of Nipah Virus Disease in Kerala, India, 2018","volume":"219","author":"G Arunkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.06.012","article-title":"A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses","volume":"100","author":"CC Broder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11121419","article-title":"Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic.","volume":"11","author":"S Gazal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12278","article-title":"Henipavirus Encephalitis: Recent Developments and Advances","volume":"25","author":"KC Ong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.011","article-title":"The pandemic potential of Nipah virus","volume":"100","author":"SP Luby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05775","article-title":"Origins of major human infectious diseases","volume":"447","author":"ND Wolfe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-013-0171-y","article-title":"Nipah virus infection: current scenario","volume":"24","author":"DD Kulkarni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Virol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.05.015","article-title":"Enhancing preparation for large Nipah outbreaks beyond Bangladesh: Preventing a tragedy like Ebola in West Africa","volume":"72","author":"H Donaldson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000695","article-title":"Nipah virus outbreak with person-to-person transmission in a district of Bangladesh, 2007","volume":"138","author":"N Homaira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0340","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus","volume":"271","author":"BH Harcourt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.11.011","article-title":"Functional studies of host-specific ephrin-B ligands as Henipavirus receptors","volume":"372","author":"KN Bossart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03838","article-title":"EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus","volume":"436","author":"OA Negrete","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005322","article-title":"Crystal Structure of the Pre-fusion Nipah Virus Fusion Glycoprotein Reveals a Novel Hexamer-of-Trimers Assembly.","volume":"11","author":"K Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34484-7","article-title":"The interaction between the Nipah virus nucleocapsid protein and phosphoprotein regulates virus replication.","volume":"8","author":"C Ranadheera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01381-8","article-title":"Molecular biology of Hendra and Nipah viruses","volume":"3","author":"L Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7929","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00263-06","article-title":"Recombinant nipah virus vaccines protect pigs against challenge","volume":"80","author":"HM Weingartl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-015-0245-0","article-title":"Immunoinformatics and epitope prediction in the age of genomic medicine","volume":"7","author":"L Backert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003266","article-title":"Properties of MHC class I presented peptides that enhance immunogenicity","volume":"9","author":"JJ Calis","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6150-8-30","article-title":"Designing of interferon-gamma inducing MHC class-II binders","volume":"8","author":"SK Dhanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-153","article-title":"Predicting population coverage of T-cell epitope-based diagnostics and vaccines","volume":"7","author":"HH Bui","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5499","article-title":"A rational strategy to design multiepitope immunogens based on multiple Th lymphocyte epitopes","volume":"168","author":"B Livingston","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0285177","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285177","article-title":"In silico design and validation of a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against structural proteins of Chikungunya virus using comprehensive immunoinformatics analyses","volume":"18","author":"S Mahmoodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630012074","volume":"12","author":"VK Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"MF. Bioinformation"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-514","article-title":"ElliPro: a new structure-based tool for the prediction of antibody epitopes","volume":"9","author":"J Ponomarenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-014-2278-5","article-title":"AllerTOP v.2\u2014a server for in silico prediction of allergens","volume":"20","author":"I Ditrov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Model"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","article-title":"VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines","volume":"8","author":"IA Doytchinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W402","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz297","article-title":"The PSIPRED Protein Analysis Workbench: 20 years on","volume":"47","author":"DWA Buchan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-346","article-title":"Disulfide by Design 2.0: a web-based tool for disulfide engineering in proteins","volume":"14","author":"DB Craig","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.169","article-title":"The ClusPro web server for protein-protein docking.","volume":"12","author":"D Kozakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W271","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku339","article-title":"iMODS: internal coordinates normal mode analysis server","volume":"42","author":"JR L\u00c3\u00b3pez-Blanco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1874925","article-title":"Immunoinformatics-guided designing and in silico analysis of epitope-based polyvalent vaccines against multiple strains of human coronavirus (HCoV).","volume":"21","author":"B Sarkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009862","article-title":"Computational immunology meets bioinformatics: the use of prediction tools for molecular binding in the simulation of the immune system","volume":"5","author":"N Rapin","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W526","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki376","article-title":"JCat: a novel tool to adapt codon usage of a target gene to its potential expression host","volume":"33","author":"A Grote","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref038","article-title":"Exploring E, NS3, and NS5 proteins to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against West Nile Virus: An in-silico approach.","volume":"25","author":"MNSKMSFA Md Wasim Alom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Informatics in Medicine Unlocked"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.4.404","article-title":"The PSIPRED protein structure prediction server","volume":"16","author":"LJ McGuffin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a012476","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012476","article-title":"Vaccines, reverse vaccinology, and bacterial pathogenesis.","volume":"3","author":"I Delany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09199-w","article-title":"Exploring dengue genome to construct a multi-epitope based subunit vaccine by utilizing immunoinformatics approach to battle against dengue infection","volume":"7","author":"M Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.12.010","article-title":"Immunoinformatics analysis and in silico designing of a novel multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"48","author":"N Hajighahramani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.107","article-title":"Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease","volume":"17","author":"L Galluzzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.2.834-840.2004","article-title":"Nipah virus: vaccination and passive protection studies in a hamster model","volume":"78","author":"V Guillaume","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13101942","article-title":"Combinatorial F-G Immunogens as Nipah and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidates.","volume":"13","author":"A Isaacs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2019.1580827","article-title":"Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies\u2014a comprehensive review.","volume":"39","author":"RK Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.20","article-title":"Identification of a CD4 T-cell epitope in the hemagglutinin stalk domain of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and its antigen-driven TCR usage signature in BALB\/c mice","volume":"14","author":"IN Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.3","article-title":"Efficient control of chronic LCMV infection by a CD4 T cell epitope-based heterologous prime-boost vaccination in a murine model","volume":"15","author":"R He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0217-6","article-title":"Limited recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages by polyclonal CD4 and CD8 T cells from the lungs of infected mice.","volume":"13","author":"YR Patankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.02.006","article-title":"The utility of peripheral blood leucocyte ratios as biomarkers in infectious diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"CD Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08842-w","article-title":"Exploring Leishmania secretory proteins to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine using immunoinformatics approach","volume":"7","author":"N Khatoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0286224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286224","article-title":"In silico design and immunoinformatics analysis of a universal multi-epitope vaccine against monkeypox virus","volume":"18","author":"S Sanami","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.02.007","article-title":"A novel design of a multi-antigenic, multistage and multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori: An in silico approach","volume":"49","author":"B Meza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/14.8.529","article-title":"Design of the linkers which effectively separate domains of a bifunctional fusion protein","volume":"14","author":"R Arai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Protein Eng"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref055","article-title":"In silico Designed Ebola Virus T-Cell Multi-Epitope DNA Vaccine Constructions Are Immunogenic in Mice.","volume":"7","author":"SI Bazhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5408-6","article-title":"Immunological features and efficacy of a multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE against H. pylori in BALB\/c mice model","volume":"98","author":"L Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091941","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1091941","article-title":"Immunoinformatics design of multivalent epitope vaccine against monkeypox virus and its variants using membrane-bound, enveloped, and extracellular proteins as targets.","volume":"14","author":"M Waqas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92176-1","article-title":"Designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate to combat MERS-CoV by employing an immunoinformatics approach","volume":"11","author":"S Mahmud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref059","first-page":"531","article-title":"Protein identification and analysis tools in the ExPASy server","volume":"112","author":"MR Wilkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref060","first-page":"1895","article-title":"Thermostability and aliphatic index of globular proteins.","volume":"88","author":"A Ikai","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0282580","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282580","article-title":"Exploring the structural basis to develop efficient multi-epitope vaccines displaying interaction with HLA and TAP and TLR3 molecules to prevent NIPAH infection, a global threat to human health.","volume":"18","author":"S Srivastava","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2022.11.033","article-title":"Designing multi-epitope monkeypox virus-specific vaccine using immunoinformatics approach","volume":"16","author":"S Zaib","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20397-z","article-title":"Novel multi epitope-based vaccine against monkeypox virus: vaccinomic approach","volume":"12","author":"SW Shantier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.11.024","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in antiviral innate immunity","volume":"426","author":"SN Lester","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref065","first-page":"372","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a sub-family of human toll-like receptors: hTLR7, hTLR8 and hTLR9","volume":"11","author":"TH Chuang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6835","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401347101","article-title":"TLR7: A new sensor of viral infection","volume":"101","author":"K Crozat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00436-4","article-title":"Not just antibodies: B cells and T cells mediate immunity to COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"RJ Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01787","article-title":"Remembrance of Things Past: Long-Term B Cell Memory After Infection and Vaccination.","volume":"10","author":"AE Palm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0389-5_1","article-title":"Reverse Vaccinology and Its Applications.","volume":"2131","author":"AM Kanampalliwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"pone.0300507.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2020.1794832","article-title":"An overview of in silico vaccine design against different pathogens and cancer","volume":"19","author":"K Kardani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T13:27:34Z","timestamp":1715347654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300507"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sheikh Arslan","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300507","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]}}}