{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:10:43Z","timestamp":1792595443520,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>PLA (Poly-lactic acid)-wood provides more biodegradability through natural fibers, a significant advantage of pure PLA. Nevertheless, these bio-composites may have inferior mechanical properties compared to non-degradable polymer composites, considering the lower strength of natural particles compared to synthetic fibers. This research examines the fatigue behavior of additive-manufactured biopolymer PLA-wood and assesses its comparability with pure PLA. Therefore, solid fatigue test samples were printed using the FDM (fused deposition modeling) method. Afterward, fully reversed rotary bending fatigue experiments were performed at 4 different stress levels (7.5 to 15 MPa) to extract the S-N curve of PLA-wood. Moreover, the fatigue fracture surfaces of the PLA-wood were investigated and compared at the highest and lowest stress levels using an FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), indicating more ductile fracture marks at higher stress levels. The fatigue lifetime of the PLA-wood decreased by 87.48% at the highest stress level (15 MPa), rather than the result at the lowest stress level (7.5 MPa). Additionally, the results demonstrated that the fatigue characteristics of the printed pure PLA and PLA-wood were comparable, suggesting that the 3D-printed PLA-wood with the used printing parameters can be an alternative choice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T17:36:35Z","timestamp":1713461795000},"page":"e0300569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of stress-controlled high-cycle fatigue characteristics in PLA-wood fused deposition modeling 3D-printed parts under bending loads"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Morteza","family":"Kianifar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8686-8705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Azadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8394-1222","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0300569.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2016.04.007","article-title":"Finite element analysis of the thermal behavior of a RepRap 3D printer liquefier.","volume":"36","author":"R. 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