{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:34:17Z","timestamp":1791941657215,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-67034-31767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-67034-31767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron deficiency in pregnancy is related to many poor health outcomes, including anemia and low birth weight. A small number of previous studies have identified maternal body mass index (BMI) as a potential risk factor for poor iron status. Our objective was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI, iron status, and anemia in a nationally representative sample of US adult women. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999\u20132010) for pregnant women ages 18\u201349 years (n = 1156). BMI (kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was calculated using pre-pregnancy weight (self-reported) and height (measured at examination). Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as total body iron (calculated from serum ferritin and transferrin receptor using Cook\u2019s equation) &lt; 0 mg\/kg and anemia as hemoglobin &lt; 11 g\/dL. Associations were examined using weighted linear and Poisson regression models, adjusted for confounders (age, race\/ethnicity, education, and trimester). Approximately 14% of pregnant women had ID and 8% had anemia in this sample. Ferritin and total body iron trended slightly lower (p = 0.12, p = 0.14) in women with pre-pregnancy BMI in the normal and overweight categories compared to the underweight and obese categories; hemoglobin concentrations were similar across BMI groups (p = 0.76). There were no differences in the prevalence of ID or anemia in women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity (ID: overweight, adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.27, 95%CI: 0.89\u20131.82; obesity, PR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.39\u20131.45; anemia: overweight, PR = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.53\u20132.19; obesity, PR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.49\u20132.01) compared to women with a normal BMI. Findings from these US nationally representative data indicate that total body iron, serum hemoglobin, ID, and anemia in pregnancy do not differ by pre-pregnancy BMI. Since ID and anemia during pregnancy remain significant public health concerns, NHANES should consider measuring current iron status in upcoming cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T17:22:52Z","timestamp":1725988972000},"page":"e0300912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Iron status and anemia in a representative sample of US pregnant women is not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI: Results from the NHANES (1999\u20132010) study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mihaela A.","family":"Ciulei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djibril 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