{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:13:49Z","timestamp":1788372829560,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"As the effectiveness of current treatments against the development of antimicrobial resistance is declining, new strategies are required. A great source of novel secondary metabolites with therapeutics effects are the endophytic bacteria present in medicinal plants. In this study, Klebsiella aerogenes<\/jats:italic> (an endophytic bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> family) was isolated from Kalanchoe blossfeldiana<\/jats:italic> (a medicinal plant\u201d. The bacterial secondary metabolites were identified using GC-MS techniques. Furthermore, the antibacterial potentials were investigated against multi-drug resistance (MDR) Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic> and Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. The GC-MS chromatogram of K<\/jats:italic>. aerogenes<\/jats:italic> secondary metabolites extract displayed total of 36 compounds. Ethyl acetate extracts of K<\/jats:italic>. aerogenes<\/jats:italic>, showed mean zone of growth inhibition of 15.00 \u00b1 1.00 against S<\/jats:italic>. typhi<\/jats:italic> and 7.00 \u00b1 1.00mm against S<\/jats:italic>. aureus<\/jats:italic>, respectively. The extract demonstrated significant antibacterial effectiveness against S<\/jats:italic>. typhi<\/jats:italic> and moderate antibacterial efficacy against S<\/jats:italic>. aureus<\/jats:italic>, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.089 to 0.39\u2009mg\/mL. The time-kill kinetics profile of the ethyl acetate extract against S<\/jats:italic>. typhi<\/jats:italic> revealed a decrease in the number of viable cells during the initial 5, 6, and 24 hours. Conversely, there was a sudden increase in viable cells up to 6 hours for S<\/jats:italic>. aureus<\/jats:italic>. The identified secondary metabolite with high percentage than others, benzeneethanamine exhibited favorable interactions (\u22127.2 kcal\/mol) with the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) of S<\/jats:italic>. aureus<\/jats:italic> and (\u22127.5 kcal\/mol) osmoporin (OmpC) of S<\/jats:italic>. typhi<\/jats:italic>, indicating its potential as a candidate for drug development against these MDR bacteria. This study reported for the first time, bacterial endophytes associated with K<\/jats:italic>. blossfeldiana<\/jats:italic> with antibacterial activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T17:51:26Z","timestamp":1726509086000},"page":"e0300979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploration of Klebsiella aerogenes derived secondary metabolites and their antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6956-5673","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Syed Hussain","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsien","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6545-7616","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muddasir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riaz","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-0884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chien-Chin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0300979.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-157","article-title":"Threat of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to health in Nepal.","volume":"14","author":"S Ansari","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300979.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21507","article-title":"Biocatalytic synthesis of diaryl disulphides and their bio-evaluation as potent inhibitors of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.","volume":"80","author":"Soni I Saima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Development Research"},{"key":"pone.0300979.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01767","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of acyclic amines and diamines against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"8","author":"G Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontier Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0300979.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1086\/375602","article-title":"Reevaluating fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and for non-Typhi salmonellae","volume":"37","author":"JA Crump","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0300979.ref005","first-page":"mgen000425","article-title":"Comparing serotyping with whole-genome sequencing for subtyping of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica: a large-scale analysis of 37 serotypes with a public health impact in the","volume":"6","author":"E Elnekave","year":"2020","journal-title":"USA. 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