{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T23:50:19Z","timestamp":1785714619985,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder marked by a wide range of emotional deficits, including a lack of empathy, emotion dysregulation, and alexithymia. Previous research has largely examined these emotional impairments in isolation, ignoring their influence on each other. Thus, we examined the concurrent interrelationship between emotional impairments in psychopathy, with a particular focus on the mediating role of alexithymia. Using path analyses with cross-sectional data from a community sample (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 315) and a forensic sample (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 50), our results yielded a statistically significant mediating effect of alexithymia on the relationship between psychopathy and empathy (community and forensic) and between psychopathy and emotion dysregulation (community). Moreover, replacing psychopathy with its three dimensions (i.e., meanness, disinhibition, and boldness) in the community sample revealed that boldness may function as an adaptive trait, with lower levels of alexithymia counteracting deficits in empathy and emotion dysregulation. Overall, our findings indicate that psychopathic individuals\u2019 limited understanding of their own emotions contributes to their lack of empathy and emotion dysregulation. This underscores the potential benefits of improving emotional awareness in the treatment of individuals with psychopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T13:30:31Z","timestamp":1715175031000},"page":"e0301085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Understanding empathy deficits and emotion dysregulation in psychopathy: The mediating role of alexithymia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7300-1846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthias","family":"Burghart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1401-4329","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander H. J.","family":"Sahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergej","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-5605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Bulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0301085.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2012.09.006","article-title":"Emotion regulation and peer-rated social functioning: A 4-year longitudinal study","volume":"46","author":"T English","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2022.111658","article-title":"No feelings for me, no feelings for you: A meta-analysis on alexithymia and empathy in psychopathy.","volume":"194","author":"M Burghart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00253.2015","article-title":"Specific electrophysiological components disentangle affective sharing and empathic concern in psychopathy","volume":"114","author":"J Decety","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.08.027","article-title":"The differential association between alexithymia and primary versus secondary psychopathy.","volume":"52","author":"GC Lander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.09.008","article-title":"Emotional dysregulation and borderline personality disorder: Explaining the link between secondary psychopathy and alexithymia.","volume":"57","author":"LE Ridings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.06.009","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation, negative affect, and aggression: A moderated, multiple mediator analysis.","volume":"70","author":"JJ Donahue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519900946","article-title":"Psychopathy and aggression: The role of emotion dysregulation.","volume":"36","author":"C Garofalo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence."},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000085","article-title":"The role of emotion regulation in the relations between psychopathy factors and impulsive and premeditated aggression.","volume":"5","author":"K Long","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personal Disord."},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.03.024","article-title":"Empathy and emotion regulation: An integrative account","volume":"247","author":"NM Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s42761-021-00062-w","article-title":"Cognitive and affective empathy relate differentially to emotion regulation.","volume":"3","author":"NM Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Affec Sci."},{"key":"pone.0301085.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.021","article-title":"The self to other model of empathy: Providing a new framework for understanding empathy impairments in psychopathy, autism, and alexithymia. 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