{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T06:28:00Z","timestamp":1793514480480,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>With half a female population, empowering women can be a key factor in our country\u2019s global advancement. Focusing on household decision-making and attitudes toward wife beating, our study addresses the dearth of research exploring how different socio-economic and demographic factors associated with women\u2019s empowerment evolve over the past decade in Bangladesh (from BDHS 2007 to BDHS 2017\u201318).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data from four waves of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS, 2007 to BDHS, 2017\u201318) were used in this study. We put forth two domains\u2014household decision-making and attitudes toward domestic violence\u2014to assess women\u2019s empowerment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to create women\u2019s empowerment index. To assess the unadjusted association between the selected covariates and women\u2019s empowerment, Pearson Chi-square test and ANOVA F test have been used, while adjusted association has been analyzed through proportional odds model (POM).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In BDHS 2017\u201318, women from urban areas experienced \u2018high\u2019 empowerment than women in rural areas (56.08% vs. 45.69%). A notable change has been observed in the distribution of women\u2019s empowerment index by education over the survey years. Findings also showed that in all the survey years, division, place of residence, education level, number of living children, media exposure, wealth index, working status, and relationship with household head have been found to have significant association with women\u2019s empowerment index. For instance, women who completed secondary education in 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017\u201318, respectively have 14.4%, 31.8%, 24.6%, and 39.6% higher odds of having empowerment compared to those who were uneducated. Further, age at first marriage, spousal age gap, NGO membership etc. emerged as a contributing factor in specific survey years.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study affirmed that, over a ten-year period, women were more likely to protest against physical violence and to participate in various decision-making regarding their personal and social life. Empowerment is notably higher among women in urban residents, those with secondary education, 1\u20132 children, media exposure, and employment. Policy recommendations should emphasize targeted measures to raise awareness and empower uneducated, unemployed, economically disadvantaged, and physically oppressed women.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T17:28:12Z","timestamp":1711733292000},"page":"e0301501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Assessing the pattern of key factors on women\u2019s empowerment in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2007 to 2017\u201318"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2613-0127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sahera","family":"Akter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Solayman","family":"Hosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shehab","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2170-5038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bikash","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"55","key":"pone.0301501.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Women Empowerment in Pakistani Law: An Analysis from the Islamic Perspective.","volume":"36","author":"S Pakeeza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Al-Az\u0324v\u0101."},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0301501.ref002","first-page":"51","article-title":"Participation, empowerment and welfare.","volume":"1","author":"E Whitmore","year":"1988","journal-title":"Canadian review of social policy."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0301501.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5296\/jpag.v8i4.13818","article-title":"A literature review of women empowerment and development in Zimbabwe: a look at new insights and perspectives","volume":"8","author":"F Manuere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Public Administration and Governance"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0301501.ref004","first-page":"37","article-title":"The role of empowering women and achieving gender equality to the sustainable development of Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"E. 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