{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T10:17:52Z","timestamp":1784110672736,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI141591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI141591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001540","name":"CHEST Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001540","name":"CHEST Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical prediction of nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD) progression remains challenging. We aimed to evaluate antigen-specific immunoprofiling utilizing flow cytometry (FC) of activation-induced markers (AIM) and IFN-\u03b3 enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot assay (ELISpot) accurately identifies patients with NTM-LD, and differentiate those with progressive from nonprogressive NTM-LD. A Prospective, single-center, and laboratory technician-blinded pilot study was conducted to evaluate the FC and ELISpot based immunoprofiling in patients with NTM-LD (n = 18) and controls (n = 22). Among 18 NTM-LD patients, 10 NTM-LD patients were classified into nonprogressive, and 8 as progressive NTM-LD based on clinical and radiological features. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from patients with NTM-LD and control subjects with negative QuantiFERON results. After stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), mycobacteria-specific peptide pools (MTB300, RD1-peptides), and control antigens, we performed IFN-\u03b3 ELISpot and FC AIM assays to access their diagnostic accuracies by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis across study groups. Patients with NTM-LD had significantly higher percentage of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T-cells co-expressing CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD134<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> in response to PPD stimulation, differentiating between NTM-LD and controls. Among patients with NTM-LD, there was a significant difference in CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD134<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> co-expression in MTB300-stimulated CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T-cells (p &lt;0.05; AUC-ROC = 0.831; Sensitivity = 75% [95% CI: 34.9\u201396.8]; Specificity = 90% [95% CI: 55.5\u201399.7]) between progressors and nonprogressors. Significant differences in the ratios of antigen-specific IFN-\u03b3 ELISpot responses were also seen for RD1-nil\/PPD-nil and RD1-nil\/anti-CD3-nil between patients with nonprogressive vs. progressive NTM-LD. Our results suggest that multiparameter immunoprofiling can accurately identify patients with NTM-LD and may identify patients at risk of disease progression. A larger longitudinal study is needed to further evaluate this novel immunoprofiling approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T17:26:10Z","timestamp":1713547570000},"page":"e0301659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multiparameter immunoprofiling for the diagnosis and differentiation of progressive versus nonprogressive nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease\u2013A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Paige K.","family":"Marty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Pathakumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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