{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:23:51Z","timestamp":1789518231645,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary objective of this study was to isolate bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers and subsequently assess their antibiotic resistance capabilities. Seventy-five patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers were investigated. A number of these patients (97.33%) had type 2 diabetes, with a significant proportion of them having been diagnosed for 1\u20135 years (29.33%). Notably, a substantial number of these individuals were on insulin usage (78.66%). Among the patients under examination, 49.33% reported having no use of tobacco products, alcohol, or betel leaf. The ulcers analyzed in this study were classified into grades 1\u20135 according to the Wagner scale. Wagner grade 2 diabetic foot ulcers had the highest number of culture-positive patients, at 33.33%. Pus samples collected from patients were cultured on selective media, and bacterial identity was confirmed by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. A total of 141 isolates were isolated. Among the isolates, 82.97% gram-negative bacteria and 17.02% gram-positive bacteria were detected. <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was the most common isolate. <jats:italic>Proteus spp<\/jats:italic>., <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> were also detected. Approximately 61.33% of the ulcers exhibited were polybacterial. In this study, it was observed that all bacterial isolates, except for <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> spp., were primarily detected in patients classified under Wagner\u2019s grade 2. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility was also tested on these 141 isolates. Among them, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> showed the highest multidrug resistance, 81.81%. Most of the gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin. All of the gram-negative isolates exhibited high levels of susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam, and these levels were <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (97.56%), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (95.24%), <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (81.82%), and <jats:italic>Proteus spp<\/jats:italic>. (80%). On the other hand, gram-positive <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> mostly showed sensitivity towards vancomycin and norfloxacin (79.17%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T18:17:47Z","timestamp":1715969867000},"page":"e0301767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bacteriological analysis and antibiotic resistance in patients with diabetic foot ulcers in Dhaka"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Poulomi","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafisa","family":"Afnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maftuha","family":"Ahmad Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baby","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shek","family":"Rabia Prapti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Muazzam Hossan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-1836","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fahim Kabir Monjurul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0301767.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence","volume":"376","author":"DG Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0301767.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.12968\/nrec.2013.15.4.187","article-title":"Preventing foot ulcers.","volume":"15","author":"N Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurs Resid Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0301767.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932","article-title":"Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u2020.","volume":"49","author":"P Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"pone.0301767.ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and Factors Influencing Diabetic Foot Ulcer among Diabetic Patients Attending Arbaminch Hospital","volume":"05","author":"B. 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