{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:34:39Z","timestamp":1792737279996,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-OAA-A-12-00096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-12-00096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Violence against children in schools harms the affected children, limits their learning and educational attainment, and extends its harms to families and the broader communities. However, to date, comparable cross-country data on violence against children in schools has not been available. We utilize the Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys (VACS) to estimate school-related violence against children in seven countries (Honduras, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia). Leveraging the unique comparability of the surveys, we are able to estimate both physical and sexual violence experienced in childhood and adolescence among youth aged 13-24. Where possible, we also disaggregate by gender and perpetrator type. Overall, within our sample seven countries, we find that 12.11-44.63% of females and 14.28-53.85% of males experienced at least one form of violence. Males experience higher levels of school-related violence and a significant portion of this is due to experiencing physical violence perpetrated by male classmates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T17:27:43Z","timestamp":1715794063000},"page":"e0301833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of school related violence in seven countries: A cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ariel","family":"BenYishay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Sayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8549-7128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0301833.ref001","unstructured":"United Nations. The 17 Goals [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0301833.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/rode.12342","article-title":"Human capital consequences of violence in schools: Estimating the impact of violence in schools on education outcomes in Brazil","volume":"22","author":"SS Deole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Dev Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0301833.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1086\/691117","article-title":"Associations between Violence in School and at Home and Education Outcomes in Rural Malawi: A Longitudinal Analysis","volume":"61","author":"SR Psaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp Educ Rev"},{"key":"pone.0301833.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/35969","volume-title":"Ending Violence In Schools: An Investment Case","author":"Q Wodon","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0301833.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.04.006","article-title":"Violence against children perpetrated by peers: A cross-sectional school-based survey in Uganda","volume":"68","author":"SO Wandera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0301833.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1017","article-title":"Violence against primary school children with disabilities in Uganda: A cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"KM Devries","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0301833.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihv075","article-title":"Prevalence of violence in childhood and adolescence and the impact on educational outcomes: Evidence from the 2013 Peruvian national survey on social relations","volume":"8","author":"D Fry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0301833.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000180","article-title":"Who perpetrates violence against children? A systematic analysis of age-specific and sex-specific data","volume":"2","author":"K Devries","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0301833.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2217\/17455111.2.3.289","article-title":"Bullying among youth from eight African countries and associations with adverse health behaviors","volume":"2","author":"DW Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0301833.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2007","article-title":"School violence, mental health, and educational performance in Uganda","volume":"133","author":"KM Devries","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0301833.ref011","unstructured":"Together for Girls. School-Related Gender-Based Violence Fact Sheet [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.togetherforgirls.org\/en\/resources\/school-related-gender-based-violence-fact-sheet"},{"key":"pone.0301833.ref012","article-title":"A Girl\u2019s Right to Learn Without Fear: Working to End Gender-based Violence at School","author":"ME Greene","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surrey"},{"key":"pone.0301833.ref013","unstructured":"UNESCO Institue for Statistics. Global Education Digest 2011: Comparing Education Statistics Across the World. [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/global-education-digest-2011-comparing-education-statistics-across-the-world-en.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0301833.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2018-042916","article-title":"Sampling design and methodology of the Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys","volume":"25","author":"KH Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"pone.0301833.ref015","unstructured":"CDC. Country Reports and Data [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Dec 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/childabuseandneglect\/vacs\/country-reports.html"},{"key":"pone.0301833.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.10.021","article-title":"Prevalence of physical violence against children in Haiti: A national population-based cross-sectional survey","volume":"51","author":"KT Flynn-O\u2019Brien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0301833.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2013.02.006","article-title":"A national survey of childhood physical abuse among females in Swaziland","volume":"3","author":"MJ Breiding","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0301833.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.010410","article-title":"Emotional abuse of girls in Swaziland: Prevalence, perpetrators, risk and protective factors and health outcomes","volume":"7","author":"F Meinck","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0301833.ref019","first-page":"565","article-title":"Prevalence of Sexual Violence Against Children and Use of Social Services\u2014Seven Countries, 2007-2013","volume":"64","author":"SA Sumner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report [Internet]"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0301833.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6815a3","article-title":"Prevalence of Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Persons Aged 13\u201324 Years\u2014Four Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2013\u20132015","volume":"68","author":"EA Swedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report [Internet]"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pone.0301833.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP2428","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520936366","article-title":"Sexual Violence Prevalence and Related Pregnancy Among Girls and Young Women: A Multicountry Analysis","volume":"37","author":"CE Stamatakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0301833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T17:28:04Z","timestamp":1715794084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0301833"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Adetayo","family":"Olorunlana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0301833","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]}}}