{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:02:44Z","timestamp":1779912164924,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011937","name":"Nieders\u00e4chsische Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kultur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although research has confirmed that the first COVID-19-related lockdown has increased stress and mental health problems in children, less is known about the longer-term effects of the pandemic on children\u2019s COVID-related future anxiety (CRFA). Because of CRFA\u2019s potentially debilitating effects, risk and resilience factors against this anxiety were investigated. To this end, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 140 children (49% female) in 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> and 4<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> grade classrooms in Germany were asked to perform a working memory task and to self-report about their CRFA and emotion regulation in December 2020 and in May 2021. More maladaptive emotion regulation in December 2020 contributed to the explanation of a high CRFA score in May 2021, whereas a better performance on working memory updating contributed a lower CRFA score later when controls were in place. These results were confirmed when children\u2019s CRFA in December 2020 was included in the prediction of their later CRFA. They suggest that maladaptive strategies of emotion regulation, such as rumination, may explain higher or increasing levels of CRFA, whereas efficient working memory updating may be an indicator of processing information in a way which shields children from CRFA-related thoughts. The concepts underlying these variables should be included in prevention and intervention efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T17:37:58Z","timestamp":1715189878000},"page":"e0302065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal prediction of primary school children\u2019s COVID-related future anxiety in the second year of the pandemic in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7660-6736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katharina","family":"Voltmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"von Salisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0302065.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.2482","article-title":"Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19","volume":"175","author":"N Racine","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0302065.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02060-0","article-title":"A systematic review of the mental health changes of children and young people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"32","author":"L Kauhanen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0302065.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0253473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253473","article-title":"Children\u2019s psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany.","volume":"16","author":"N Christner","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0302065.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13515","article-title":"A little autonomy support goes a long way. 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