{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:33:28Z","timestamp":1791473608936,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study compared neuromuscular control under two fatigue protocols during anticipated and unanticipated change of direction (COD) maneuvers and evaluated their effects on the risk of non-contact ACL injuries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Forty-five female soccer players (mean age: 22.22 \u00b1 2.24 years; mean height: 166.24 \u00b1 3.33 cm; mean mass: 59.84 \u00b1 5.03 kg) were divided into three groups: functional fatigue (Soccer specific fatigue ptotocol-SOFT90), non-functional fatigue (Bruce protocol), and control group. Before and after the implementation of neuromuscular control fatigue protocols were evaluated using the cutting motion assessment score tool (CMAS). Two-dimensional (2D) videos were recorded during anticipated and unanticipated COD trials for both dominant and non-dominant legs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Significant time effects (p &lt; 0.05) and group-time interactions (p &lt; 0.05) were observed in both anticipated and unanticipated conditions for both dominant and non-dominant legs after the fatigue protocols. The functional fatigue group exhibited higher CMAS changes, indicating poorer movement quality following fatigue. Notably, the non-dominant leg displayed amplified deficits during unanticipated COD maneuvers following the functional fatigue protocol.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fatigue significantly impairs neuromuscular control, particularly in unanticipated COD situations, which increases the risk of non-contact ACL injuries. To mitigate this risk, coaches, trainers, and medical professionals should prioritize targeted training and injury prevention strategies, focusing on the non-dominant leg during unanticipated COD maneuvers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T17:36:20Z","timestamp":1716399380000},"page":"e0302144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The effects of two different fatigue protocols on movement quality during anticipated and unanticipated change of directions in female soccer players"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alimoradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-5297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elham","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1368-8508","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mansour","family":"Sahebozamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-0116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Dos\u2019Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Sheikhbahaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Bigtashkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aryan","family":"Kabiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0302144.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.172","article-title":"Association between lower extremity muscular strength and acute knee injuries in young team\u2010sport athletes","volume":"3","author":"J Hietamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0302144.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509338827","article-title":"Knee Osteoarthritis after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury","volume":"37","author":"BE \u00d8iestad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0302144.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515621554","article-title":"Risk of Secondary Injury in Younger Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"AJ Wiggins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302144.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000001107","article-title":"Injury burden in professional european football (soccer): Systematic review, meta-analysis, and economic considerations","volume":"33","author":"L Pulici","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cli J Sport Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302144.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics1010007","article-title":"The cutting movement assessment score (CMAS) qualitative screening tool: Application to mitigate anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during cutting.","volume":"1","author":"T Dos\u2019 Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomechanics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302144.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.32598\/ptj.11.3.498.2","article-title":"Comparison of knee kinematic factors between ball and rocket athletes in predictable and unpredictable cutting maneuvers","volume":"11","author":"E Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"PTJ"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0302144.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103683","article-title":"Do exercise-based prevention programmes reduce non-contact musculoskeletal injuries in football (soccer)? 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