{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T19:22:44Z","timestamp":1767986564099,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Hartstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CVON2016\u201007 LIKE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON2016\u201007 LIKE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CVON2016\u201007 LIKE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON2016\u201007 LIKE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sarphati Amsterdam"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Investigate the cross-sectional association between the psychosocial status of mothers and fathers and the BMI z-scores of their 10 to 12-year-old children. Explore whether this association is mediated by children\u2019s diet, physical activity, screen time and sleep. Analyze the moderating effect of the educational levels of both the mother and father on the association.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a cross-sectional study design, children\u2019s height and weight were measured following a standardized protocol. Parents completed the validated Depression Anxiety and Stress questionnaire, while diet quality, sports participation, time spent in bed and screen time were assessed through child-report using previously validated questions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The data for this study were obtained from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, involving children aged 10 to 12 years and both of their parents (N = 1315).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The majority, 80%, of the parents were highly educated and born in the Netherlands, and 68% of the children had a healthy BMI. Maternal or paternal psychosocial status was not significantly associated with children\u2019s BMI z-score (maternal \u03b2 -0.0037; 95% CI: -0.008 to 0.0007, paternal \u03b2 0.0028; 95% CI: -0.007 to 0.002). Screen time mediated the association between paternal psychosocial status and children\u2019s BMI z-score (\u03b2 = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.002; 0.020). Children\u2019s diet, physical activity, and sleep did not mediate the association between paternal psychosocial status and children\u2019s BMI z-score. Parental educational level was not a moderator.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research is unique in including four energy balance behaviors and including both mothers and fathers\u2019 psychosocial status. Children withfathers experiencing poorer psychosocial status engaged in more screen time which partly explained their higher BMI z-score.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T17:27:28Z","timestamp":1714411648000},"page":"e0302147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The cross-sectional association of parental psychosocial status with children\u2019s Body Mass Index z-score and the mediating role of children\u2019s energy balance behaviors - the ABCD Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-4478","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meredith L.","family":"Overman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Vrijkotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolanda M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margreet W.","family":"Harskamp-van Ginkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Hunsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carry M.","family":"Renders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stef P. J.","family":"Kremers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-2441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mai J. M.","family":"Chinapaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0302147.ref001","unstructured":"W.H.O. Adolescent obesity and related behaviours: trends and inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002\u20132014. 2017 [cited 2021; Available from: www.who.org."},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref002","unstructured":"W.H.O. Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity. 2016; Available from: www.who.org."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0302147.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12426","article-title":"An evidence\u2010update on the prospective relationship between childhood sedentary behaviour and biomedical health indicators: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"17","author":"E. van Ekris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0302147.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.07.008","article-title":"Relationship between sleep duration and childhood obesity: systematic review including the potential underlying mechanisms.","volume":"27","author":"R. Fels\u0151","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302147.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12245","article-title":"Longitudinal impact of sleep on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and bias\u2010adjusted meta\u2010analysis","volume":"16","author":"Y. Fatima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity reviews"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref006","author":"G. Dahlgren","year":"1991","journal-title":"Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0302147.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12930","article-title":"Different types of parental stress and childhood obesity: A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"20","author":"M. Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302147.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-019-02843-z","article-title":"Association of maternal depression and anxiety symptoms with sleep duration in children at preschool age","volume":"24","author":"L.F. Schultz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maternal and child health journal"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00161","article-title":"Parental Depression Predicts Child Body Mass via Parental Support Provision, Child Support Receipt, and Child Physical Activity: Findings From Parent\/Caregiver\u2013Child Dyads","volume":"11","author":"K. Zarychta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302147.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12522","article-title":"Associations of maternal stress with children\u2019s weight\u2010related behaviours: a systematic literature review","volume":"18","author":"S.G. O\u2019Connor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0302147.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00208.x","article-title":"Parental stress increases body mass index trajectory in pre\u2010adolescents","volume":"9","author":"K. Shankardass","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric obesity"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref012","article-title":"Systematic review: Symptoms of parental depression and anxiety and offspring overweight","author":"P.L. Marco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302147.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12262","article-title":"Do stressed mothers have heavier children? A meta\u2010analysis on the relationship between maternal stress and child body mass index","volume":"16","author":"E.B. Tate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302147.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-244","article-title":"Parenting stress: a cross-sectional analysis of associations with childhood obesity, physical activity, and TV viewing","volume":"14","author":"K. Walton","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302147.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2013.0043","article-title":"The family context of low-income parents who restrict child screen time","volume":"9","author":"A.M. Lampard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Childhood Obesity"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0302147.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02530.x","article-title":"Parental depressive symptoms and children\u2019s sleep: The role of family conflict","volume":"53","author":"M. El\u2010Sheikh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref017","first-page":"39","article-title":"Parental roles in the development of obesity in children: Challenges and opportunities","author":"C.A. Danford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Biol"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.02.029","article-title":"The forgotten parent: Fathers\u2019 representation in family interventions to prevent childhood obesity","volume":"111","author":"K. Davison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Preventive medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302147.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0275-6","article-title":"The influence of fathers on children\u2019s physical activity and dietary behaviors: Insights, recommendations and future directions","volume":"6","author":"P.J. Morgan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current obesity reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0302147.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303391","article-title":"Fathers\u2019 representation in observational studies on parenting and childhood obesity: a systematic review and content analysis","volume":"106","author":"K.K. Davison","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0302147.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.3390\/su12093920","article-title":"Influence of the parental educational level on physical activity in schoolchildren","volume":"12","author":"I.M. Mu\u00f1oz-Galiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302147.ref022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clustering of energy balance-related behaviors and parental education in European children: the ENERGY-project","volume":"10","author":"J.M. Fern\u00e1ndez-Alvira","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302147.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq128","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study","volume":"40","author":"M. van Eijsden","year":"2011","journal-title":"International journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302147.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12217","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology\u2013nutritional epidemiology (STROBE\u2010nut): An extension of the STROBE statement","volume":"41","author":"C. Lachat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition bulletin"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref025","unstructured":"W.H.O. BMI z-scores for boys and girls from 5 to 19 years. 2007 [cited 2020 12-08-2020]; Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years\/indicators\/bmi-for-age."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302147.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories","volume":"33","author":"P.F. Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour research and therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302147.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657","article-title":"The short\u2010form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS\u201021): Construct validity and normative data in a large non\u2010clinical sample","volume":"44","author":"J.D. Henry","year":"2005","journal-title":"British journal of clinical psychology"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-304","article-title":"Design of the Dutch Obesity Intervention in Teenagers (NRG-DOiT)","volume":"6","author":"A. Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref029","article-title":"Kinderen in prioriteitswijken: lichamelijke (in) activiteit en overgewicht","author":"S. De Vries","year":"2005"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2023.101775","article-title":"Associations between parental and pre-adolescents\u2019 physical activity and diet quality: The role of parental child care involvement and child\u2019s sex","author":"H. Larsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eating Behaviors"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0302147.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12","article-title":"2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values","volume":"43","author":"B.E. Ainsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302147.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318225c2be","article-title":"DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams","volume":"22","author":"J. Textor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302147.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206553","article-title":"SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models","volume":"36","author":"K.J. Preacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers"},{"key":"pone.0302147.ref034","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"A.F. Hayes","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302147.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2018.79.171","article-title":"Reasons for testing mediation in the absence of an intervention effect: A research imperative in prevention and intervention research","volume":"79","author":"H.P. O\u2019Rourke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302147.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-76","article-title":"Relationship between 8\/9-yr-old school children BMI, parents\u2019 BMI and educational level: a cross sectional survey","volume":"10","author":"G. Lazzeri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrition journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302147.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1096","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0895","article-title":"Influence of stress in parents on child obesity and related behaviors","volume":"130","author":"E.P. Parks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0302147.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011003168","article-title":"Family-and school-based correlates of energy balance-related behaviours in 10\u201312-year-old children: a systematic review within the ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) project","volume":"15","author":"M. Verloigne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public health nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302147.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-017-9472-9","article-title":"Social desirability bias in child-report social well-being: Evaluation of the children\u2019s social desirability short scale using item response theory and examination of its impact on self-report family and peer relationships","volume":"11","author":"A.-L. Camerini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Indicators Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302147.ref040","first-page":"76","article-title":"Dietary assessment in children and adolescents: issues and recommendations","volume":"31","author":"C. P\u00e9rez-Rodrigo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutricion hospitalaria"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0302147.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134621","article-title":"Organized sport participation is associated with higher levels of overall health-related physical activity in children (CHAMPS study-DK)","volume":"10","author":"J.J. Hebert","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302147.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.02.007","article-title":"Associations between organized sports participation and objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and weight status in youth","volume":"19","author":"A. Marques","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305784","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0302147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T17:28:09Z","timestamp":1714411689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0302147"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Henri","family":"Tilga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0302147","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305784","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]}}}