{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:06:51Z","timestamp":1789538811908,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck Sant\u00e9 S.A.S, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of avelumab first-line (1L) maintenance therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone for adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la\/mUC) that had not progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy in France.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A three-state partitioned survival model was developed to assess the lifetime costs and effects of avelumab plus BSC versus BSC alone. Data from the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial (NCT02603432) were used to inform estimates of clinical and utility values considering a 10-year time horizon and a weekly cycle length. Cost data were estimated from a collective perspective and included treatment acquisition, administration, follow-up, adverse event\u2013related hospitalization, transport, post-progression, and end-of-life costs. Health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and life-years gained. Costs and clinical outcomes were discounted at 2.5% per annum. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were used to compare cost-effectiveness and willingness to pay in France. Uncertainty was assessed using a range of sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Avelumab plus BSC was associated with a gain of 2.49 QALYs and total discounted costs of \u20ac136,917; BSC alone was associated with 1.82 QALYs and \u20ac39,751. Although avelumab plus BSC was associated with increased acquisition costs compared with BSC alone, offsets of \u2212\u20ac20,424 and \u2212\u20ac351 were observed for post-progression and end-of-life costs, respectively. The base case analysis ICER was \u20ac145,626\/QALY. Sensitivity analyses were consistent with the reference case and showed that efficacy parameters (overall survival, time to treatment discontinuation), post-progression time on immunotherapy, and post-progression costs had the largest impact on the ICER.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This analysis demonstrated that avelumab plus BSC is associated with a favorable cost-effectiveness profile for patients with la\/mUC who are eligible for 1L maintenance therapy in France.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T17:35:56Z","timestamp":1715362556000},"page":"e0302548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cost-effectiveness of avelumab first-line maintenance therapy for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic 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