{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T04:31:14Z","timestamp":1742358674827,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["1R01AI121237-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI121237-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Ps<\/jats:italic>48\/45, a <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> gametocyte surface protein, is a promising candidate for malaria transmission-blocking (TB) vaccine. Due to its relevance for a multispecies vaccine, we explored the cross-reactivity and TB activity of a recombinant <jats:italic>P. vivax Ps<\/jats:italic>48\/45 protein (r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45) with plasma from <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>-exposed African donors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 was produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and tested by ELISA for cross-reactivity with plasma from Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Mali, and Nigeria. In addition, BALB\/c mice were immunized with the r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 protein formulated in Montanide ISA-51 and inoculated with a crude extract of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> NF-54 gametocytes to evaluate the parasite-boosting effect on r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 antibody titers. Specific anti-r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 IgG purified from African plasma was used to evaluate the <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> TB activity on <jats:italic>P. falciparum,<\/jats:italic> using standard mosquito membrane feeding assays (SMFA).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 protein showed cross-reactivity with plasma of individuals from all four African countries, in proportions ranging from 94% (Tanzania) to 40% (Nigeria). Also, the level of cross-reactive antibodies varied significantly between countries (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), with a higher antibody level in Mali and the lowest in Nigeria. In addition, antibody levels were higher in adults (\u2009\u2265 17 years) than young children (\u2009\u2264 5 years) in both Mali and Tanzania, with a higher proportion of responders in adults (90%) than in children (61%) (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) in Mali, where male (75%) and female (80%) displayed similar antibody responses. Furthermore, immunization of mice with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> gametocytes boosted anti-<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 antibody responses, recognizing <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> gametocytes in indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Notably, r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 affinity-purified African IgG exhibited a TB activity of 61% against <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> in SMFA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Plasma from African volunteers predominantly exposed to <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> cross-recognized the r<jats:italic>Pvs<\/jats:italic>48\/45 protein. This, together with the functional activity of IgG, warrants further studies for the potential development of a <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> cross-protective TB vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T17:28:10Z","timestamp":1742318890000},"page":"e0302605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-reactivity of rPvs48\/45, a recombinant Plasmodium vivax protein, with plasma from Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas of Africa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7178-7758","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saidou","family":"Balam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4455-2432","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazutoyo","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imen","family":"Ayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drissa","family":"Konat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan C.","family":"Incandela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Agnolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merepen A.","family":"Guindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seidina A. 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