{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:09:22Z","timestamp":1783112962319,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["430-2016-00521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430-2016-00521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parents with a history of childhood maltreatment may be more likely to respond inadequately to their child\u2019s emotional cues, such as crying or screaming, due to previous exposure to prolonged stress. While studies have investigated parents\u2019 physiological reactions to their children\u2019s vocal expressions of emotions, less attention has been given to their responses when perceiving children\u2019s facial expressions of emotions. The present study aimed to determine if viewing facial expressions of emotions in children induces cardiovascular changes in mothers (hypo- or hyper-arousal) and whether these differ as a function of childhood maltreatment. A total of 104 mothers took part in this study. Their experiences of childhood maltreatment were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants\u2019 electrocardiogram signals were recorded during a task in which they viewed a landscape video (baseline) and images of children\u2019s faces expressing different intensities of emotion. Heart rate variability (HRV) was extracted from the recordings as an indicator of parasympathetic reactivity. Participants presented two profiles: one group of mothers had a decreased HRV when presented with images of children\u2019s facial expressions of emotions, while the other group\u2019s HRV increased. However, HRV change was not significantly different between the two groups. The interaction between HRV groups and the severity of maltreatment experienced was marginal. Results suggested that experiences of childhood emotional abuse were more common in mothers whose HRV increased during the task. Therefore, more severe childhood experiences of emotional abuse could be associated with mothers\u2019 cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Maladaptive cardiovascular responses could have a ripple effect, influencing how mothers react to their children\u2019s facial expressions of emotions. That reaction could affect the quality of their interaction with their child. Providing interventions that help parents regulate their physiological and behavioral responses to stress might be helpful, especially if they have experienced childhood maltreatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T17:31:29Z","timestamp":1715103089000},"page":"e0302782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal childhood emotional abuse increases cardiovascular responses to children\u2019s emotional facial 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