{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:51:45Z","timestamp":1783695105571,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Tinnitus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ) was performed. In contrast to commonly used tinnitus questionnaires, the TIQ is intended solely to assess the impact of tinnitus by not including items related to hearing loss or tinnitus loudness. This was a psychometric study based on a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of clinical data. Data were available for 155 new patients who had attended a tinnitus and hyperacusis clinic in the UK within a five-month period and had completed the TIQ. The mean age was 54 years (standard deviation = 14 years). The TIQ demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 = 0.84 and McDonald\u2019s \u03c9 = 0.89. CFA showed that two items of the TIQ had low factor loadings for both one-factor and two-factor models and their scores showed low correlations with scores for other items. Bi-factor analysis gave a better fit, indicated by a relative chi-square (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) of 18.5, a Root-Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.103, a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.97, a Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.92, and a Standardized Root-Mean Residual (SPMR) of 0.038. Total TIQ scores were moderately correlated with scores for the Visual Analogue Scale of effect of tinnitus on life and the Screening for Anxiety and Depression-Tinnitus questionnaire, supporting the convergent validity of the TIQ. The TIQ score was not correlated with the pure-tone average hearing threshold, indicating discriminant validity. A multiple-causes multiple-indicator (MIMIC) model showed no influences of age, gender or hearing status on TIQ item scores. The TIQ is an internally consistent tool. CFA suggests a bi-factor model with sufficient unidimensionality to support the use of the overall TIQ score for assessing the impact of tinnitus. TIQ scores are distinct from the impact of hearing impairment among patients who have tinnitus combined with hearing loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T17:37:01Z","timestamp":1715189821000},"page":"e0302837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Confirmatory factor analysis of the Tinnitus Impact Questionnaire using data from patients seeking help for tinnitus alone or tinnitus combined with hyperacusis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-5649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hashir","family":"Aazh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7071-0671","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brian C. J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9253-4162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mercede","family":"Erfanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0302837.ref001","volume-title":"International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF).","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2001"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref002","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the tinnitus impact questionnaire using a clinical population of adult patients with tinnitus alone or combined with hyperacusis","author":"H Aazh","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0302837.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2017.1335887","article-title":"Factors related to tinnitus and hyperacusis handicap in older people","volume":"56","author":"H Aazh","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref004","article-title":"Psychometric adequacy of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) for evaluating treatment outcome.","volume":"9","author":"CW Newman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-145-5_73","article-title":"Tinnitus retraining therapy.","author":"PJ Jastreboff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Textbook of tinnitus"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S179138","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for alleviating the distress caused by tinnitus, hyperacusis and misophonia: current perspectives.","volume":"23","author":"H Aazh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychology research and behavior management."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31822f67c0","article-title":"The tinnitus functional index: development of a new clinical measure for chronic, intrusive tinnitus.","volume":"33","author":"MB Meikle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear and hearing."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3401.197","article-title":"Tinnitus reaction questionnaire: psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus. Journal of Speech, Language, and","volume":"34","author":"PH Wilson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302837.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJA-13-0014","article-title":"Development and validation of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire","volume":"23","author":"R Tyler","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0302837.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199012000-00005","article-title":"The psychometric properties of a tinnitus handicap questionnaire.","volume":"11","author":"FK Kuk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ear and hearing."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302837.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00778.x","article-title":"Cognitive variables in tinnitus annoyance","volume":"27","author":"RS Hallam","year":"1988","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"08","key":"pone.0302837.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17144","article-title":"The relationship between severity of hearing loss and subjective tinnitus loudness among patients seen in a specialist tinnitus and hyperacusis therapy clinic in UK","volume":"30","author":"H Aazh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0302837.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0396-20.2020","article-title":"Tinnitus does not interfere with auditory and speech perception","volume":"40","author":"FG Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-018-0347-4","article-title":"Skarzynski Tinnitus Scale: validation of a brief and robust tool for assessing tinnitus in a clinical population","volume":"23","author":"H Skar\u017cy\u0144ski","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1765-4","article-title":"COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures.","volume":"27","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302837.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020001767","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire for primary and secondary school students.","volume":"24","author":"D Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public health nutrition."},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref017","article-title":"Guidance for Audiologists: Onward Referral of Adults with Hearing Difficulty Directly Referred to Audiology Services.","author":"H Jeffery","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2019.02.017","article-title":"Standardised profiling for tinnitus research: the European school for interdisciplinary tinnitus research screening questionnaire (ESIT-SQ).","volume":"377","author":"E Genitsaridi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hearing research"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0302837.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"076","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718929","article-title":"Preliminary Examination of the Incidence of and Factors Related to Hearing Tinnitus in Dreams","volume":"32","author":"H Aazh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"issue":"09","key":"pone.0302837.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.18001","article-title":"Parental mental health in childhood as a risk factor for anxiety and depression among people seeking help for tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"30","author":"H Aazh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"issue":"03","key":"pone.0302837.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.16181","article-title":"Thoughts about suicide and self-harm in patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"29","author":"H Aazh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0302837.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00015","article-title":"Screening for suicide risk in adults: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"140","author":"BN Gaynes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of internal medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302837.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_AJA-18-0059","article-title":"Parental mental illness in childhood as a risk factor for suicidal and self-harm ideations in adults seeking help for tinnitus and\/or hyperacusis.","volume":"28","author":"H Aazh","year":"2019","journal-title":"American journal of audiology"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref024","volume-title":"Pure-tone air-conduction and bone-conduction threshold audiometry with and without masking: Recommended Procedure","author":"BSA","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302837.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-17-0011","article-title":"Incidence of discomfort during pure-tone audiometry and measurement of uncomfortable loudness levels among people seeking help for tinnitus and\/or hyperacusis.","volume":"26","author":"H Aazh","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0302837.ref026","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4.","volume":"50","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302837.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1780-4002","article-title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Hyperacusis Impact Questionnaire (HIQ) and Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire (SSSQ) Using a Clinical Population of Adult Patients with Tinnitus Alone or Combined with Hyperacusis.","volume":"33","author":"H Aazh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of American Academy of Audiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302837.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJA-14-0010","article-title":"A review of hyperacusis and future directions: part I. definitions and manifestations","volume":"23","author":"RS Tyler","year":"2014","journal-title":"American journal of audiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01676.x","article-title":"Sensitivity and accuracy of the visual analogue scale: a psycho-physical classroom experiment.","volume":"6","author":"C. Maxwell","year":"1978","journal-title":"British journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfn011","article-title":"The impact of nonresponse rates on nonresponse bias: a meta-analysis.","volume":"72","author":"RM Groves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public opinion quarterly."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2009.12.005","article-title":"The use of minimization in clinical trials.","volume":"31","author":"DR Taves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contemporary clinical trials."},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref032","article-title":"Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimating equations in latent variable modeling with categorical and continuous outcomes.","author":"BO Muth\u00e9n","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychometrika."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0302837.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181de3f8a","article-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis: an introduction for psychosomatic medicine researchers.","volume":"72","author":"MA Babyak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0302837.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2010.496477","article-title":"Bifactor models and rotations: Exploring the extent to which multidimensional data yield univocal scale scores","volume":"92","author":"SP Reise","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of personality assessment"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124183011003003","article-title":"The Analysis of Covariance Structures.","volume":"11","author":"J. Hoelter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research."},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref037","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit","volume":"6","author":"D Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238","article-title":"Comparative fit indexes in structural models.","volume":"107","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological bulletin."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0302837.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","article-title":"Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","journal-title":"psychometrika"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref040","article-title":"Test theory: A unified treatment.","author":"RP McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"psychology press"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref041","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"J Nunnally","year":"1994","edition":"3"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302837.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres11040051","article-title":"Item response theory investigation of misophonia auditory triggers.","volume":"11","author":"S Vitoratou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Audiology research."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0302837.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2011.560904","article-title":"Influence of depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and pure-tone thresholds on the tinnitus handicap inventory in Japan.","volume":"50","author":"N Oishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302837.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000982","article-title":"Internal consistency and convergent validity of the inventory of hyperacusis symptoms.","volume":"42","author":"H Aazh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing."},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.065","article-title":"Which tinnitus-related characteristics affect current health-related quality of life and depression? A cross-sectional cohort study.","volume":"237","author":"S Weidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry research"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref046","volume-title":"Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences","author":"DE Hinkle","year":"2003"},{"issue":"368","key":"pone.0302837.ref047","first-page":"807","article-title":"A structural probit model with latent variables","volume":"74","author":"B. Muth\u00e9n","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119558378","article-title":"Introduction to meta-analysis","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref049","first-page":"152747","article-title":"Measurement invariance.","volume":"6","author":"R Van De Schoot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology.Jul 28"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref050","unstructured":"Inc M. MATLAB, Version: 9.13. 0 (R2022b). 2022."},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref051","volume-title":"RStudio: integrated development for R. Rstudio Team","author":"RStudio T.","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Y. Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of statistical software"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref053","article-title":"SemTools: Useful Tools for Structural Equation Modeling","author":"TD Rosseel","year":"2022","journal-title":"R Package Version 0.5\u20136."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/16.1.4","article-title":"Patients\u2019 priorities with respect to general practice care: an international comparison. European Task Force on Patient Evaluations of General Practice (EUROPEP).","volume":"16","author":"R Grol","year":"1999","journal-title":"Family practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181de24bc","article-title":"Identifying and avoiding bias in research","volume":"126","author":"CJ Pannucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302837.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/15305058.2013.799067","article-title":"A tutorial on interpreting bifactor model scores","volume":"13","author":"CE DeMars","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal of testing"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20382","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20382","article-title":"Emotional states as mediators between tinnitus loudness and tinnitus distress in daily life: Results from the \u201cTrackYourTinnitus\u201d application.","volume":"6","author":"T Probst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific reports.Feb 8"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302837.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2018.1537524","article-title":"Tinnitus loudness and the severity of insomnia: A mediation analysis","volume":"58","author":"H Aazh","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302837.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-17-0008","article-title":"Factors associated with depression in patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"26","author":"H Aazh","year":"2017","journal-title":"American journal of audiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0302837.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research.","volume":"2","author":"CH Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4802.150","article-title":"Difficulties experienced by tinnitus sufferers","volume":"48","author":"RS Tyler","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Journal of speech and hearing disorders"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2023.2210753","article-title":"Differential item functioning of the tinnitus handicap inventory across gender groups and subjects with or without hearing loss","author":"E Gos","year":"2023","journal-title":"International journal of audiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0302837.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748538","article-title":"Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) as a hearing aid outcome measure.","volume":"10","author":"RK Surr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref064","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparison of the severity of tinnitus in patients with and without hearing loss using the tinnitus functional index (TFI).","author":"N Mahafza","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of audiology"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_156","article-title":"Functional Neuroanatomy of Salicylate- and Noise-Induced Tinnitus and Hyperacusis.","author":"R Salvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences."},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.09.009","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population.","volume":"335","author":"K Fackrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hearing research"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref067","article-title":"Performance of the Tinnitus Functional Index as a diagnostic instrument in a UK clinical population","author":"K Fackrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hearing research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2020.9161","article-title":"Effectiveness of hearing aid treatment in patients with chronic tinnitus: Subscale evaluations using the Tinnitus Functional Index and factor analysis.","volume":"17","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"The journal of international advanced otology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0302837.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.18.2.7","article-title":"A systematic review of health-related quality of life and hearing aids: final report of the American Academy of Audiology Task Force On the Health-Related Quality of Life Benefits of Amplification","volume":"18","author":"TH Chisolm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adults. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"pone.0302837.ref070","article-title":"Sound therapy (using amplification devices and\/or sound generators) for tinnitus.","volume":"12","author":"M Sereda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)."},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0302837.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132896","article-title":"Hearing aid fitting in tinnitus: A scoping review of methodological aspects and effect on tinnitus distress and perception","volume":"10","author":"D Kikidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010151.pub2","article-title":"Amplification with hearing aids for patients with tinnitus and co\u2010existing hearing loss","author":"DJ Hoare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0302837.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale.","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0302837.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0302837.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of general internal medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0302837.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2017.1298850","article-title":"Usefulness of self-report questionnaires for psychological assessment of patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis and patients\u2019 views of the questionnaires","volume":"56","author":"H Aazh","year":"2017","journal-title":"International journal of audiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0302837.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000583","article-title":"Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of a New Scale to Measure Hyperacusis: Introducing the Inventory of Hyperacusis Symptoms.","volume":"39","author":"B Greenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ear and hearing"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0302837.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082412","article-title":"Association between Hyperacusis and Tinnitus","volume":"9","author":"CR Cederroth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0302837.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86944","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086944","article-title":"Phenotypic characteristics of hyperacusis in tinnitus.","volume":"9","author":"TRI Database Study Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0302837","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T17:37:43Z","timestamp":1715189863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0302837"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Rohit","family":"Ravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0302837","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]}}}