{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T20:07:36Z","timestamp":1768075656519,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["162300410264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["162300410264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To show the effect of the phosphate group on the remineralization process of early enamel caries mediated by amelogenin peptide.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Freshly extracted, completed, and crack-free bovine teeth were used to create artificial early enamel caries, which were randomly divided into four groups: Group A: fluorination remineralized solution treatment group; Group B: pure remineralized solution treatment group. Group C: 100 g\/ml recombinant Amelogenin peptide remineralized solution treatment group (with single phosphate group on N-terminus); Group D: 100 g\/ml non-phosphorylated recombinant Amelogenin peptide remineralized solution treatment group (without single phosphate group on N-terminus). For 12 days, fresh remineralized solutions were replaced daily. Transverse microradiography (TMR) was used after remineralization to determine mineral loss and demineralization depth before and after each sample\u2019s remineralization. Each sample\u2019s depth of remineralization and mineral acquisition were then determined.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The recombinant amelogenin peptide group significantly outperformed the non-phosphorylated amelogenin peptide group in terms of mineral acquisition and mineralization depth (P&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The recombinant Amelogenin\u2019s solitary phosphate group at the N-terminus helps recombinant Amelogenin to encourage the remineralization process of early enamel caries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T17:34:02Z","timestamp":1716312842000},"page":"e0303147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of phosphate group on remineralization of early enamel caries regulated by amelogenin peptide"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4147-888X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hualei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4617-3041","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinpu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0303147.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2004.01030.x","article-title":"Solubility properties of human tooth mineral and pathogenesis of dental caries","volume":"10","author":"T. Aoba","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"pone.0303147.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0895937409335590","article-title":"Remineralization, the natural caries repair process\u2014the need for new approaches","volume":"21","author":"JD Featherstone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"pone.0303147.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516688659","article-title":"Biomimetic Enamel Regeneration Mediated by Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Peptide","volume":"96","author":"SY Kwak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"pone.0303147.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517698419","article-title":"Biomimetic Remineralization of Carious Lesions by Self-Assembling Peptide","volume":"96","author":"L Kind","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Dental 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Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"pone.0303147.ref014","first-page":"254","article-title":"The flexible structure of the K24S28 region of Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Protein (LRAP) bound to apatites as a function of surface type, calcium, mutation, and ionic strength.","volume":"5","author":"JX Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0303147.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2010.11.006","article-title":"Effects of phosphorylation on the self-assembly of native full-length porcine amelogenin and its regulation of calcium phosphate formation in vitro","volume":"173","author":"FB Wiedemann-Bidlack","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0303147.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2011.00900.x","article-title":"Effect of phosphorylation on the interaction of calcium with leucine-rich amelogenin 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