{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:28Z","timestamp":1787022148231,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nantong Science and Technology Bureau","award":["MSZ2023103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSZ2023103"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Nantong Health Committee","award":["MS2023029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS2023029"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Nantong Health Committee","award":["QNZ2023033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNZ2023033"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Fund of Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University","award":["KD2022KYJJZD017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KD2022KYJJZD017"]}]},{"name":"Nantong University Clinical Medicine Project","award":["2022LZ004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LZ004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoliosis is one of the most common surgical disorders of the pediatric spine. Refractive errors are commonly associated with vision impairment worldwide. However, it is currently unclear whether refractive error correlates directly with the development of scoliosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was performed in 2023, and a stratified cluster sampling technique was employed among school-aged students in Nantong City, China. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate specific correlations between scoliosis and related parameters; various types of refractive errors were also included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of scoliosis among school-aged students was 2.2% in Nantong city. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were not correlated with the development of scoliosis (all, p\u22650.05). Lower body mass index (BMI) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88\u22120.95; p&lt;0.001], living in rural areas (aOR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.05\u22121.86; p = 0.020), and older age (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.25\u22121.38; p&lt;0.001) had significantly higher risks of scoliosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Refractive errors did not correlate with the development of scoliosis. However, BMI, living in rural areas and older age did correlate with the development of scoliosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T13:24:36Z","timestamp":1715606676000},"page":"e0303324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is refractive error a factor affecting scoliosis?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jianru","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lele","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2140-7832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"ZhiMin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0303324.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","article-title":"2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth","volume":"13","author":"S Negrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"9623","key":"pone.0303324.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0303324.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000202527.25356.90","article-title":"The search for idiopathic scoliosis genes","volume":"31","author":"JW Ogilvie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0303324.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-2","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: natural history and long term treatment effects","volume":"1","author":"MA Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0303324.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199909150-00007","article-title":"Impact of the type of brace on the quality of life of Adolescents with Spine Deformities","volume":"24","author":"JM Climent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0303324.ref006","article-title":"Effects of Growing Rod Technique with Different Surgical Modes and Growth Phases on the Treatment Outcome of Early Onset Scoliosis: A 3-D Finite Element Analysis","volume":"19","author":"B Pei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0303324.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773594","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.773594","article-title":"The Prevalence of Scoliosis Screening Positive and Its Influencing Factors: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"10","author":"Y Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0303324.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16786","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96398-1","article-title":"Factors affecting the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis among children aged 8\u201315 years in Prishtina, Kosovo","volume":"11","author":"B Tahirbegolli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0303324.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200631","article-title":"Effect of simvastatin, an inhibitor of hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on the growth of human Ito cells","volume":"20","author":"A Mallat","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"pone.0303324.ref010","unstructured":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. 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