{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:28:51Z","timestamp":1767180531513,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019672","name":"Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IFPIP:1448-140-1443- 260671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFPIP:1448-140-1443- 260671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019672","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Candida represents a prevalent fungal infection, notable for its substantial implications on morbidity and mortality rates. In the landscape of prospective treatments, quinoxaline derivatives emerge as a category of compact compounds exhibiting notable potential in addressing infections. These derivatives showcase promising antimicrobial efficacy coupled with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n The central aim of this investigation was to examine the antifungal characteristics of 2-Chloro-3-hydrazinylquinoxaline against diverse strains of\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Aspergillus in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n . Additionally, we endeavored to assess the\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n efficacy of 2-Chloro-3-hydrazinylquinoxaline using a murine model for oral candidiasis induced by\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n albicans<\/jats:italic>\n cells ATCC 10231.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 2-Chloro-3-hydrazinylquinoxaline demonstrated noteworthy effectiveness when tested against various reference strains of\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species. It exhibited heightened efficacy, particularly against\n Candida krusei<\/jats:italic>\n isolates. However, its performance against\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n isolates exhibited variability. Notably, 2-Chloro-3-hydrazinylquinoxaline manifests variable efficacy against\n Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Aspergillus niger<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Aspergillus terreus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n and no effect against\n Aspergillus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n . In a murine model, 2-Chloro-3-hydrazinylquinoxaline exhibited significant efficacy in combating the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n albicans<\/jats:italic>\n cells ATCC 10231 strain, underscoring its potential as a viable treatment option.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n 2-Chloro-3-hydrazinylquinoxaline has demonstrated substantial potential in effectively addressing various\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n species, showcasing dual attributes of antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. However, to attain a more comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic capabilities, further investigations, incorporating additional tests and experiments, are imperative.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T13:24:51Z","timestamp":1715347491000},"page":"e0303373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The fungicidal effectiveness of 2-Chloro-3-hydrazinylquinoxaline, a newly developed quinoxaline derivative, against Candida species"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4070-6257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdelbagi","family":"Alfadil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karem A.","family":"Ibrahem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad W.","family":"Alrabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-6941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jawahir A.","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0303373.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-06","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem","volume":"20","author":"MA Pfaller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. 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