{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T05:29:43Z","timestamp":1778995783653,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite integrated prevention and control measures, the prevalence of hookworm is still high in Ethiopia. The re-infection rates and predictors are poorly addressed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the patterns of hookworm re-infection rates and predictors among schoolchildren in northwest Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A prospective follow-up study was conducted among 86 schoolchildren from May to December 2022. Data on predictors was collected using a questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and processed via Kato-Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques. All hookworm-infected children were treated with albendazole and followed for six months. The re-infection rates of hookworm were checked in the 4<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> and 6<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> months. Data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to compute the re-infection rate. The associations of predictors with hookworm re-infection rates were calculated by logistic regression. Variables with a <jats:italic>p-value<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 86, 81 schoolchildren completed the study. The prevalence of hookworm re-infection in the 4<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> and 6<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> months was 23.5% and 33.3%, respectively. Living with family members greater than five (p = .017), poor utilization of latrine (p = .008), infrequent shoe wear (p = .039), and participating in irrigation (p = .020) were the predictors significantly associated with hookworm re-infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The re-infection rate was high during the fourth and sixth months. Participating in irrigation, infrequent shoe wear, and poor latrine utilization were predictors of hookworm re-infection. Therefore, mass drug administration, regular shoe wearing, and health education should be advocated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T18:22:45Z","timestamp":1716920565000},"page":"e0303502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pattern and predictor of hookworm re-infection among schoolchildren in three districts of Amhara Region, northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shegaw","family":"Belay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Getaneh","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0303502.ref001","volume-title":"Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: a roadmap for implementation","author":"WHO","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0303502.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0235281","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235281","article-title":"Preventive chemotherapy coverage against Soil-transmitted helminthiases among school age children in vertical versus integrated treatment approaches: Implications from coverage validation survey in Ethiopia, 2019.","volume":"15","author":"M Asfaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0303502.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30398-3","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections of children in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000\u201318: a geospatial analysis","volume":"9","author":"B Sartorius","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"pone.0303502.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0303502.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37","article-title":"Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010.","volume":"7","author":"RL Pullan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit & Vectors."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0303502.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000412","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden.","volume":"3","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0303502.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6553913","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6553913","article-title":"High Prevalence of Hookworm Species and Associated Factors among Soil-Transmitted Helminth-Infected Household Contacts in Burie Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"2023","author":"G Assefa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"pone.0303502.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00094669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009466","article-title":"Environmental characteristics around the household and their association with hookworm infection in rural communities from Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.","volume":"15","author":"M. 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