{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:51:21Z","timestamp":1768031481838,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Random noise-moving images (noises) can make glaucoma patients with no subjective symptoms aware of visual field abnormalities. To explore this concept, we developed a noise using computer graphics (CG) and investigated the difference in the subjective perception of visual field abnormalities between CG and conventional analog noises.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We enrolled individuals with glaucoma (205 eyes), preperimetric glaucoma (PPG; 19 eyes), and normal eyes (35 eyes). For a CG noise, a series of still images was made by randomly selecting five monochromatic tones on 2-mm square dots, and these images were drawn at 60 frames per second (fps) to create a noise-moving image. The participants were asked to describe their perceived shadows on a paper. The results were categorized as follows based on the pattern deviation probability map of the Humphrey field analyzer (HFA): \u201cagreement,\u201d \u201cpartial agreement,\u201d \u201cdisagreement,\u201d and \u201cno response.\u201d The glaucoma stage was classified into four stages, from M1 to M4, based on the HFA\u2019s mean deviation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The detection rates (agreement and partial agreement) were 80.5% and 65.4% for the CG and analog noises, respectively, with CG noise showing a significantly higher detection rate in all glaucoma eyes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The detection rates tended to increase as the glaucoma stage progressed, and in Stage M3, these were 93.9% and 78.8% for the CG and analog noises, respectively. The PPG eyes did not exhibit subjective abnormalities for both noises. The specificity values were 97.1% and 100% for the CG and analog noises, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The CG noise is more effective than the analog noise in evaluating the subjective perception of visual field abnormalities in patients with glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T17:36:41Z","timestamp":1716226601000},"page":"e0303849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subjective perception of visual field defects using random noise-moving images in patients with glaucoma: A comparison of computer graphics and analog noises"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7080-4820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arata","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiko","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6509-9054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chota","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0303849.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.11.043","article-title":"How does glaucoma look?: patient perception of visual field loss","volume":"120","author":"DP Crabb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0303849.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.043","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of undetected manifest glaucoma: results from the early manifest glaucoma trial screening","volume":"120","author":"A Heijl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0303849.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.37.9.521","article-title":"Earliest symptoms of diseases of the macula","volume":"37","author":"M. 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