{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T11:07:46Z","timestamp":1793099266744,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hypertension is a silent killer disease and the global report revealed that half of the world\u2019s population lives with undiagnosed hypertension. The problem is expected to be worse in low-income countries such as in Horn of Africa countries. Thus, we planned to determine the trend, burden, and determinates of undiagnosed hypertension in this region and provide conclusive and tangible evidence for interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Articles were searched on Google, Google Scholar, PubMed\/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the published articles\u2019 reference list. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used for quality assessment. A sensitivity test and I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity. The Begg\u2019s statistics in the random effect model were done to evaluate the publication bias.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in the Horn of Africa was 17% (95% CI: 15%\u201320%) and it ranges from from 13% in 2006 to 20% in 2023. A trip time to a medical institution of less than 35 minutes (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35\u20130.79), no regular exercise (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.54\u20133.32), age &gt; = 45 years (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.66\u20133.8), age 35\u201344 years (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.5\u20132.37), male (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34\u20132.2), poor knowledge (OR = 3.29, 95%CI: 2.39,4.53), normal BMI (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.96\u20134.98), Overweight (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 2.96\u20134.98), poor health seeking (OR = 2.79, 95%CI: 2.01\u20133.86), low vegetable consumers (OR = 1.99, 95%CI:1.36\u20132.91), smoking (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.13\u20131.93), high triglyceride (OR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.33\u20132.52), chat chewing (OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.54\u20133.09), and alcohol drinking (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.32\u20132.33) were the determinats of undiagnosed hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion and recommendation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was low in the Horn of Africa but its trend was increased over time. Individual level variables were identified that affect the undiagnosed hypertension. Therefore, healthy lifestyle is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T17:46:37Z","timestamp":1724435197000},"page":"e0303940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trend, burden and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in the Horn of Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-124X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muluken Chanie","family":"Agimas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1355-2763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nebiyu Mekonnen","family":"Derseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fantu","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moges Tadesse","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-8814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tilahun","family":"Yemanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meron","family":"Asmamaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0303940.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3203","article-title":"*, Prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: synopsis of the 2017 American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Hypertension Guideline","volume":"168","author":"R.M. 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