{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:42:48Z","timestamp":1792802568172,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhangjiagang City Science and Technology Planning project","award":["ZKYL2343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZKYL2343"]}]},{"name":"Youth Natural Science Foundation of Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","award":["ZZYQ2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZYQ2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04523zj19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Suzhou Medical Health Science and technology innovation project","award":["SKYD2022047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKYD2022047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous observational studies have reported an association between frailty and atherosclerosis. However, the causal relationship between frailty and the occurrence of atherosclerosis in different anatomical sites remains unclear. we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal relationship between the frailty index (FI), and both systemic atherosclerosis and lipids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of various phenotypes, including frailty (n = 175,226), coronary atherosclerosis (n = 56,685), cerebral atherosclerosis (n = 150,765), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (n = 361,194), atherosclerosis at other sites (n = 17,832), LDL-C (n = 201,678), HDL-C (n = 77,409), and triglycerides (n = 78,700). The primary MR analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Furthermore, to assess reverse causality, we employed inverse MR and multivariate MR analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genetically predicted FI showed positive associations with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.12\u20131.93) and cerebral atherosclerosis (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.05\u20133.78), with no significant association (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;0.05) applied to peripheral arterial disease and atherosclerosis at other sites. Genetically predicted FI was positively associated with the risk of triglycerides (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.59), negatively associated with the risk of LDL-C (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.78\u20130.97), and showed no significant association with the risk of HDL-C (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt;0.05). Furthermore, both reverse MR and multivariate MR analyses demonstrated a correlation between systemic atherosclerosis, lipids, and increased FI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study elucidated that genetically predicted FI is associated with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis and cerebral atherosclerosis by the MR analysis method, and they have a bidirectional causal relationship. Moreover, genetically predicted FI was causally associated with triglyceride and LDL-C levels. Further understanding of this association is crucial for optimizing medical practice and care models specifically tailored to frail populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T13:28:23Z","timestamp":1716470903000},"page":"e0304300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Frailty and risk of systemic atherosclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization 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