{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:31:53Z","timestamp":1788910313294,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["396313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["396313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Evaluate the effects of five disinfection methods on bacterial concentrations in hospital sink drains, focusing on three opportunistic pathogens (OPs):\n                      <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over two years, three sampling campaigns were conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Samples from 19 sink drains were taken at three time points: before, during, and after disinfection. Bacterial concentration was measured using culture-based and flow cytometry methods. High-throughput short sequence typing was performed to identify the three OPs and assess\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      persistence after disinfection at the genotypic level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted in a pediatric hospitals NICU in Montr\u00e9al, Canada, which is divided in an intensive and intermediate care side, with individual rooms equipped with a sink.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five treatments were compared: self-disinfecting drains, chlorine disinfection, boiling water disinfection, hot tap water flushing, and steam disinfection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study highlights significant differences in the effectiveness of disinfection methods. Chlorine treatment proved ineffective in reducing bacterial concentration, including the three OPs. In contrast, all other drain interventions resulted in an immediate reduction in culturable bacteria (4\u20138 log) and intact cells (2\u20133 log). Thermal methods, particularly boiling water and steam treatments, exhibited superior effectiveness in reducing bacterial loads, including OPs. However, in drains with well-established bacterial biofilms, clonal strains of\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      recolonized the drains after heat treatments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study supports thermal disinfection (&gt;80\u00b0C) for pathogen reduction in drains but highlights the need for additional trials and the implementation of specific measures to limit biofilm formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T13:33:02Z","timestamp":1718199182000},"page":"e0304378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Disinfection of sink drains to reduce a source of three opportunistic pathogens, during Serratia marcescens clusters in a neonatal intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-9374","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thibault","family":"Bourdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-\u00c8ve","family":"Benoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Pr\u00e9vost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Charron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4609-0115","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"D\u00e9ziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Constant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1447-929X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emilie","family":"B\u00e9dard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0304378.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global report on infection prevention and control. Geneva; 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240051164"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70191-9","article-title":"Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: A report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network","volume":"129","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1086\/592700","article-title":"Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonization and Infection Secondary to Imperfect Intensive Care Unit Room Design","volume":"30","author":"S Hota","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(12)70019-1","article-title":"Early and late onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants from a large group of neonatal intensive care units","volume":"88","author":"CP Hornik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.072","article-title":"Nosocomial infections among acute leukemia patients in China: An economic burden analysis","volume":"44","author":"X Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2002.119823","article-title":"Nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"30","author":"E Nagata","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1341","article-title":"Risk factors for nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive-care unit","volume":"53","author":"C Auriti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(03)00077-4","article-title":"A prospective incidence study of nosocomial infections in a neonatal care unit","volume":"31","author":"M Urrea","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6030036","article-title":"Hospital Drains as Reservoirs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Multiple-Locus Variable-Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis Genotypes Recovered from Faucets, Sink Surfaces and Patients","volume":"6","author":"C Lalancette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02271","article-title":"Metagenomics analysis of bacterial structure communities within natural biofilm","volume":"5","author":"BA Hemdan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.1.177-185.2003","article-title":"Microbial Characterization of Biofilms in Domestic Drains and the Establishment of Stable Biofilm Microcosms","volume":"69","author":"AJ McBain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0182-3","article-title":"The sink as a potential source of transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the intensive care unit","volume":"6","author":"D De Geyter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12816","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12816","article-title":"Prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria spp. as potential pathogens: A comparative study for biofilm of sink drain environment","volume":"40","author":"MA El-Liethy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Food Safety"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.02.018","article-title":"A prospective multicentre surveillance study to investigate the risk associated with contaminated sinks in the intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"A-S Valentin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1808.111268","article-title":"Outbreak of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase\u2013producing Klebsiella oxytoca Infections Associated with Contaminated Handwashing Sinks1","volume":"18","author":"C Lowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11757","article-title":"\u201cDown the drain\u201d: carbapenem-resistant bacteria in intensive care unit patients and handwashing sinks","volume":"198","author":"D Kotsanas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.07.006","article-title":"Contaminated sinks in intensive care units: an underestimated source of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the patient environment","volume":"85","author":"D Roux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.02.013","article-title":"The sink as a correctable source of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase contamination for patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"87","author":"I Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04306-14","article-title":"Contaminated Handwashing Sinks as the Source of a Clonal Outbreak of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca on a Hematology Ward","volume":"59","author":"E Leitner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.168","article-title":"Post-Outbreak Investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Faucet Contamination by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Environmental Factors Affecting Positivity","volume":"36","author":"E B\u00e9dard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.077","article-title":"Role of Sinks as an Environmental Reservoir in CPE Outbreak in a Burn Intensive Care Unit","volume":"48","author":"M Avaness","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03327","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03327-16","article-title":"Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs","volume":"83","author":"S Kotay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01997","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01997-18","article-title":"Droplet- Rather than Aerosol-Mediated Dispersion Is the Primary Mechanism of Bacterial Transmission from Contaminated Hand-Washing Sink Traps","volume":"85","author":"SM Kotay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.25","article-title":"Dispersal of gram-negative bacilli from contaminated sink drains to cover gowns and hands during hand washing","volume":"40","author":"Z Hajar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.12.007","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae dispersal from sinks is linked to drain position and drainage rates in a laboratory model system","volume":"102","author":"P Aranega-Bou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref026","first-page":"494","article-title":"Generation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa aerosols during handwashing from contaminated sink drains, transmission to hands of hospital personnel, and its prevention by use of a new heating device","volume":"191","author":"G D\u00f6ring","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13005","article-title":"Self-disinfecting sink drains reduce the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioburden in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"104","author":"C Fusch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro821","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: from the Natural environment to infectious diseases","volume":"2","author":"L Hall-Stoodley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03529-15","article-title":"Biofilms on Hospital Shower Hoses: Characterization and Implications for Nosocomial Infections","volume":"82","author":"MJ Soto-Giron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.304","article-title":"A Bundle of Measures to Control an Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Associated With P-Trap Contamination","volume":"39","author":"H Gbaguidi-Haore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.318","article-title":"Use of a stop valve to enhance disinfectant exposure may improve sink drain disinfection","volume":"40","author":"JL Cadnum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.72","article-title":"Effectiveness of a hydrogen peroxide foam against bleach for the disinfection of sink drains","volume":"40","author":"BW Buchan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.07.007","article-title":"Instillation of disinfectant behind a temporary obstruction created by an inflated urinary catheter balloon improves sink drain disinfection","volume":"47","author":"LD Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s180","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.712","article-title":"Comparison of Two Novel Methods for Sink Drain Disinfection","volume":"41","author":"MF Haq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.07.012","article-title":"Management of a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit using novel environmental disinfection: A 38-month report","volume":"38","author":"C La Forgia","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2016.05.009","article-title":"Acetic acid as a decontamination method for sink drains in a nosocomial outbreak of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"94","author":"A Stj\u00e4rne Aspelund","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.12.009","article-title":"Acetic acid as a decontamination method for ICU sink drains colonized by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and its effect on CPE infections","volume":"102","author":"D Smolders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.325","article-title":"Effectiveness of foam disinfectants in reducing sink-drain gram-negative bacterial colonization","volume":"41","author":"LD Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.132","article-title":"Sink and Drain Monitoring and Decontamination Protocol for Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE)","volume":"48","author":"L Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.12.201","article-title":"Decreasing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bioburden Via Once Weekly Disinfection of Hospital Sink Drains","volume":"116","author":"E Heenan","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.316","article-title":"How frequently should sink drains be disinfected?","volume":"41","author":"JA Ramos-Castaneda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.01.003","article-title":"Effects of a disinfection device on colonization of sink drains and patients during a prolonged outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an intensive care unit","volume":"102","author":"E de Jonge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2000.00051.x","article-title":"Eradication of a resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain after a cluster of infections in a hematology\/oncology unit","volume":"6","author":"TA Gillespie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2008.038","article-title":"Disinfection of Burkholderia cepacia complex from non-touch taps in a neonatal nursery","volume":"36","author":"D Kotsanas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.04.001","article-title":"Interhospital spread of NDM-7-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to ST437 in Spain","volume":"46","author":"N Seara","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref046","first-page":"E34","article-title":"Microbial competition in environmental nosocomial reservoirs and diffusion capacity of OXA48-Klebsiella pneumoniae: potential impact on patients and possible control methods","volume":"58","author":"R Herruzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy052","article-title":"Intensive Care Unit Wastewater Interventions to Prevent Transmission of Multispecies Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase\u2013Producing Organisms","volume":"67","author":"AJ Mathers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2022.100209","article-title":"Role of the environment in transmission of Gram-negative bacteria in two consecutive outbreaks in a haematology-oncology department","volume":"4","author":"WC van der Zwet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection Prevention in Practice"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref049","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association","year":"2017","edition":"23"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref050","article-title":"Assessing water quality with the BD AccuriTM C6 flow cytometer","author":"E Gatza","year":"2013","journal-title":"White paper BD Biosciences"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00105","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00105-23","article-title":"Serratia marcescens Colonization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Has Multiple Sources, with Sink Drains as a Major Reservoir","volume":"89","author":"T Bourdin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01399","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01399-21","article-title":"A high-throughput short sequence typing scheme for Serratia marcescens pure culture and environmental DNA","volume":"87","author":"T Bourdin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010048","article-title":"High-Throughput Short Sequence Typing Schemes for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pure Culture and Environmental DNA","volume":"12","author":"T Bourdin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref054","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref055","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02932-09","article-title":"Specific and Rapid Enumeration of Viable but Nonculturable and Viable-Culturable Gram-Negative Bacteria by Using Flow Cytometry","volume":"76","author":"MMT Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.08.010","article-title":"It\u2019s a trap! The development of a versatile drain biofilm model and its susceptibility to disinfection","volume":"106","author":"K Ledwoch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318256f3e6","article-title":"Investigation and Control of an Outbreak of Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit","volume":"31","author":"KB Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref059","first-page":"9","article-title":"Reduced Chlorine in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Impacts Bacterial Biodiversity in Biofilms","author":"C Bertelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(29)93571-2","article-title":"The Ability of Escherichia Coli and Serratia Marcescens to Survive 62.8\u00b0C., for Thirty Minutes in Milk","volume":"12","author":"FW Tanner","year":"1929","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref061","first-page":"640","article-title":"Some General Properties of a Psychrophilic Pseudomonad: the Effects of Temperature on some of these Properties and the Utilization of Glucose by this Organism and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"17","author":"AD Brown","year":"1957","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.391","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa in premise plumbing of large buildings","volume":"5","author":"E B\u00e9dard","year":"2016","journal-title":"MicrobiologyOpen"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3477","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.10.3477-3485.2005","article-title":"Biofilm Formation and Sloughing in Serratia marcescens Are Controlled by Quorum Sensing and Nutrient Cues","volume":"187","author":"SA Rice","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70083-0","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging opportunist human pathogen","volume":"9","author":"WJ Looney","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00637-11","article-title":"Role of Exopolysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Architecture","volume":"77","author":"A Ghafoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00039","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lifestyle: A Paradigm for Adaptation, Survival, and Persistence","volume":"7","author":"MF Moradali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1021\/la5044156","article-title":"Effects of Temperature on the Morphological, Polymeric, and Mechanical Properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacterial Biofilms","volume":"31","author":"L Pavlovsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017651","article-title":"High Temperature and Bacteriophages Can Indirectly Select for Bacterial Pathogenicity in Environmental Reservoirs","volume":"6","author":"V-P Friman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2017.1347964","article-title":"Thermal shock susceptibility and regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"34","author":"EB Ricker","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Hyperthermia"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1384","article-title":"Standard versus combined chemical, mechanical, and heat decontamination of hospital drains harboring carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs): A randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"AJ Jamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.09.007","article-title":"Transmission of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a nephrology-transplant intensive care unit with potential link to the environment","volume":"92","author":"V Ambrogi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145690","article-title":"Faucet aerator design influences aerosol size distribution and microbial contamination level","volume":"775","author":"M-\u00c8 Benoit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.242","article-title":"Relic DNA is abundant in soil and obscures estimates of soil microbial diversity","volume":"2","author":"P Carini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00637-18","article-title":"How, When, and Where Relic DNA Affects Microbial Diversity","volume":"9","author":"JT Lennon","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4940","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17071","article-title":"Relic DNA obscures DNA-based profiling of multiple microbial taxonomic groups in a river-reservoir ecosystem","volume":"32","author":"Y Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"pone.0304378.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.192","article-title":"A novel sink drain cover prevents dispersal of microorganisms from contaminated sink drains","volume":"39","author":"SH Livingston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T13:34:06Z","timestamp":1718199246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304378"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amitava","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]}}}