{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:33:56Z","timestamp":1782941636693,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This pilot study aimed to investigate medication nonadherence among Taiwanese patients with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia using the Chinese version of the Two-Part Medication Nonadherence Scale (C-TPMNS) and the National Health Insurance (NHI) Medicloud system. The study revealed insights into the factors contributing to nonadherence and the implications for improving patient adherence to medications for chronic conditions. However, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the study identified the need for further research with larger and more diverse samples to validate the preliminary findings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study conducted surveys individuals in central Taiwan who received three-high medications and those who returned expired medications from chain pharmacies. A structured questionnaire including the C-TPMNS was administered, and additional data on medical history and HbA1c, LDL, and blood pressure levels were collected from the NHI Medicloud system. Data analysis was performed using multiple ordered logistic regression and Wald test methods. Setting interpretation cutoff point to determine medication nonadherence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study found that 25.8% of participants were non-adherent to prescribed medications. Non-adherent individuals had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP \u2265 140 mmHg) than adherent participants. Non-adherence was also associated with factors such as lower education, single status, living alone, abnormal glucose postprandial concentration, and triglyceride levels. The C-TPMNS demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach\u2019s alpha = 0.816) and validity (area under the ROC curve = 0.72).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study highlighted the complexity of medication nonadherence with diverse determinants and emphasized the importance of tailored interventions. The findings underscored the need for region-specific research to comprehensively address medication nonadherence, especially focusing on adherence to medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The study also identified the need for larger, more diverse studies to validate and expand upon the initial findings and emphasized the importance of pharmacist interventions and patient empowerment in managing chronic conditions and improving overall health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T17:40:34Z","timestamp":1720633234000},"page":"e0304442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating medication adherence among Taiwanese patient with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes: A pilot study using the Chinese version of a Two-Part Medication Nonadherence Scale and the NHI MediCloud system"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ya-Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che-Huei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3128-7468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0304442.ref001","article-title":"Medication adherence measures: An Overview.","author":"Wai Yin Lam and Paula Fresco","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"pone.0304442.ref002","first-page":"675","article-title":"Definitions, variants, and causes of nonadherence with medication: a challenge for tailored interventions","volume":"7","author":"G Hugtenburg Jacqueline","year":"2013"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0304442.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4638","article-title":"Medication nonadherence: A diagnosable and treatable medical condition","volume":"309","author":"A Zachary","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0304442.ref004","author":"WHO","year":"2018","journal-title":"Non-communicable disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0304442.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70102-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: a comparative risk assessment.","volume":"2","author":"Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0304442.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60161-3","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Taiwan","volume":"105","author":"LC Hwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304442.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00751-3","article-title":"Ethnic disparity in metabolic syndrome and related obesity and health behavior: a community study in Taiwan.","volume":"13","author":"CY Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2021"},{"key":"pone.0304442.ref008","unstructured":"Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, https:\/\/www.mohw.gov.tw\/."},{"key":"pone.0304442.ref009","author":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leading Causes of Death in Taiwan for"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304442.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-018-0421-5","article-title":"Adherence to basal insulin therapy among people with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study of costs and patient outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Kristina S. 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