{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:13:51Z","timestamp":1792451631811,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Harvest plus","award":["2022H8416.AKU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022H8416.AKU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Zinc deficiency poses significant health risks, particularly in low-income settings. This study aims to evaluate the impact of agronomically zinc biofortified (fermented and non-fermented) and post-harvest wheat flour flatbread on zinc status and metabolic health in adolescents and adult women in rural Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A four-arm triple-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted in a rural district of Pakistan. Participants (adolescents aged 10\u201319 and adult women aged 20\u201340) will be assigned to receive fermented or unfermented high zinc agronomically biofortified wheat flour flatbread, post-harvest zinc-fortified wheat flour flatbread, or low zinc conventional whole wheat flour flatbread. The meal would be served once a day, six days a week for six months. The study aims to enroll 1000 participants and will be analyzed based on the intention-to-treat principle. The trial is registered with number NCT06092515.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Primary outcomes will include serum zinc concentration and metabolic markers, while secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and dietary intake.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This trial will provide valuable insights into the efficacy of agronomically zinc biofortified wheat flour in improving zinc status and metabolic health. Findings may inform public health strategies to combat zinc deficiency in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T17:33:26Z","timestamp":1718904806000},"page":"e0304462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of Zinc Fortified and Fermented Wheat Flour (EZAFFAW): A randomized controlled trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2966-7162","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jai K.","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra Ali","family":"Padhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushtaq","family":"Mirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjumand","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran Ahmed","family":"Chauhadry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahima","family":"Yasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-4313","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kehkashan","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junaid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Humayun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6853-8400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamna Amir","family":"Naseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kauser Abdulla","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulfiqar A.","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304462.ref001","first-page":"Cd010697","article-title":"Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general population","author":"D Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"pone.0304462.ref002","first-page":"Cd007991","article-title":"Zinc supplementation for mental and motor development in children","volume":"12","author":"S Gogia","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304462.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3945\/an.110.000174","article-title":"Zinc and neurogenesis: making new neurons from development to adulthood","volume":"2","author":"CW Levenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md)."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304462.ref004","first-page":"Cd005436","article-title":"Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children","author":"M Lazzerini","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304462.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.097253","article-title":"A zinc-dependent mechanism regulates meiotic progression in mammalian oocytes","volume":"86","author":"ML Bernhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology of reproduction"},{"key":"pone.0304462.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7353","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v5i0.7353","article-title":"Zinc status and its association with the health of adolescents: a review of studies in India","volume":"5","author":"R. 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