{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:14:14Z","timestamp":1784092454388,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Change of direction, stops, and pivots are among the most common non-contact movements associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer. By observing these dynamic movements, clinicians recognize abnormal kinematic patterns that contribute to ACL tears such as increased knee valgus or reduced knee flexion. Different motions and physical demands are observed across playing positions, which may result in varied lower limb kinematic patterns. In the present study, 28 college and sub-elite soccer players performed four dynamic motions (change of direction with and without ball, header, and instep kick) with the goal of examining the effect of on-field positioning, leg dominance, and gender in lower body kinematics. Motion capture software monitored joint angles in the knee, hip, and ankle. A three-way ANOVA showed significant differences in each category. Remarkably, centrally positioned players displayed significantly greater knee adduction (5\u00b0 difference, p = 0.013), hip flexion (9\u00b0 difference, p = 0.034), hip adduction (7\u00b0 difference, p = 0.016), and dorsiflexion (12\u00b0 difference, p = 0.022) when performing the instep kick in comparison to their laterally positioned counterparts. These findings suggest that central players tend to exhibit a greater range of motion when performing an instep kicking task compared to laterally positioned players. At a competitive level, this discrepancy could potentially lead to differences in lower limb muscle development among on-field positions. Accordingly, it is suggested to implement position-specific prevention programs to address these asymmetries in lower limb kinematics, which can help mitigate dangerous kinematic patterns and consequently reduce the risk of ACL injury in soccer players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T18:08:11Z","timestamp":1717783691000},"page":"e0304511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Asymmetry in kinematics of dominant\/nondominant lower limbs in central and lateral positioned college and sub-elite soccer players"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Beron-Vera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio A.","family":"Lemus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Beron-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Ezzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0025-6447","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng-Bang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan J.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9301-9266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesco","family":"Travascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"pone.0304511.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1177\/28.suppl_5.s-3","article-title":"Football injuries and physical symptoms. A review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"J Dvorak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref002","unstructured":"FIFA. The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022\u2122 in numbers 2023 [updated January 18th, 2023. 29]. Available from: https:\/\/digitalhub.fifa.com\/m\/546158158e52f1c9\/original\/The-FIFA-World-Cup-Qatar-2022-in-numbers.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199418010-00006","article-title":"Soccer Injuries","volume":"18","author":"H. Inklaar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304511.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510395879","article-title":"Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer)","volume":"39","author":"J Ekstrand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0304511.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092223","article-title":"Time-trends and circumstances surrounding ankle injuries in men\u2019s professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study","volume":"47","author":"M Wald\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304511.ref006","first-page":"311","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives","volume":"42","author":"JM Hootman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304511.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000356","article-title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Return to Play, Function and Long-Term Considerations","volume":"16","author":"F Sep\u00falveda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512460637","article-title":"The influence of age on the effectiveness of neuromuscular training to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"GD Myer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0304511.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093461","article-title":"Specific exercise effects of preventive neuromuscular training intervention on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk reduction in young females: meta-analysis and subgroup analysis","volume":"49","author":"D Sugimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0304511.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509343200","article-title":"The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: the JUMP-ACL study","volume":"37","author":"DA Padua","year":"2009","journal-title":"The American journal of sports medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0304511.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.2165\/11534950-000000000-00000","article-title":"A \u2019plane\u2019 explanation of anterior cruciate ligament injury mechanisms: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"CE Quatman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0304511.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0813-1","article-title":"Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors","volume":"17","author":"E Alentorn-Geli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304511.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","article-title":"Biomechanical Measures of Neuromuscular Control and Valgus Loading of the Knee Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Female Athletes: A Prospective Study","volume":"33","author":"TE Hewett","year":"2005","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0304511.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516686080","article-title":"Preventive Biomechanics: A Paradigm Shift With a Translational Approach to Injury Prevention","volume":"45","author":"TE Hewett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304511.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20000601-15","article-title":"Mechanisms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury","volume":"23","author":"BP Boden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837485","article-title":"Mechanism of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Soccer","volume":"27","author":"P Faun\u00f8","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0304511.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0353-4","article-title":"Biomechanics Associated with Patellofemoral Pain and ACL Injuries in Sports","volume":"45","author":"K Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0304511.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101247","article-title":"Systematic video analysis of ACL injuries in professional male football (soccer): injury mechanisms, situational patterns and biomechanics study on 134 consecutive cases","volume":"54","author":"FD Villa","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304511.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(05)80056-8","article-title":"Effect of gender on lower extremity kinematics during rapid direction changes: An integrated analysis of three sports movements","volume":"8","author":"SG McLean","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304511.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503261724","article-title":"Injury Mechanisms for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Team Handball:A Systematic Video Analysis","volume":"32","author":"O-E Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3180305de8","article-title":"Gender Differences in Hip Joint Kinematics and Kinetics During Side-Step Cutting Maneuver","volume":"17","author":"CD Pollard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304511.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200005000-00001","article-title":"Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies","volume":"8","author":"LY Griffin","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAAOS \u2010 Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304511.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300611","article-title":"Knee Injury Patterns Among Men and Women in Collegiate Basketball and Soccer:NCAA Data and Review of Literature","volume":"23","author":"E Arendt","year":"1995","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304511.ref024","first-page":"637","article-title":"The female ACL: why is it more prone to injury?","volume":"33","author":"ML Ireland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orthopedic Clinics"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9781718209725","article-title":"Medicine AOSfS","author":"TE Hewett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Understanding and preventing noncontact ACL injuries: Human Kinetics Champaign, IL"},{"issue":"11\u201314","key":"pone.0304511.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130500101585","article-title":"Comparison of muscle strength and flexibility between the preferred and non-preferred leg in English soccer players","volume":"48","author":"N Rahnama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512459638","article-title":"Current Concepts for Injury Prevention in Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction","volume":"41","author":"TE Hewett","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.06.033","article-title":"The effect of leg dominance and landing height on ACL loading among female athletes","volume":"60","author":"H Mokhtarzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.5334\/paah.215","article-title":"The Effect of Application of Asymmetry Evaluation in Competitive Sports: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Z. Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physical Activity and Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0304511.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.051243","article-title":"Gender influences: the role of leg dominance in ACL injury among soccer players","volume":"44","author":"R Brophy","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0304511.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-407-16","article-title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Injury Incidence by Sex and Sport Classification","volume":"54","author":"AM Montalvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304511.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924294","article-title":"Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer","volume":"28","author":"V Di Salvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2010.481334","article-title":"Comparison of physical and technical performance in European soccer match-play: FA Premier League and La Liga","volume":"11","author":"A Dellal","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Sport Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304511.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0232123","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232123","article-title":"Influence of playing position and laterality in centripetal force and changes of direction in elite soccer players","volume":"15","author":"P Granero-Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref035","first-page":"63","article-title":"Physical Demands of Different Positions in FA Premier League Soccer","volume":"6","author":"J Bloomfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304511.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.933879","article-title":"Acceleration and sprint profiles of a professional elite football team in match play","volume":"15","author":"J Ingebrigtsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Sport Science"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351262804-46","article-title":"Soccer in the United States","author":"C Warren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Routledge handbook of football business and management: Routledge"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0304511.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002719","article-title":"Match Demands of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men\u2019s Soccer","volume":"32","author":"RM Curtis","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0304511.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1011462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011462","article-title":"OpenCap: Human movement dynamics from smartphone videos","volume":"19","author":"SD Uhlrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Computational Biology"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref040","author":"SD Uhlrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"OpenCap: 3D human movement dynamics from smartphone videos"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.08.123","article-title":"Assessing lower-limb kinematics via OpenCap during dynamic tasks relevant to anterior cruciate ligament injury: a validity study","volume":"26","author":"Y Lima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"pone.0304511.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111801","article-title":"Concurrent validity of smartphone-based markerless motion capturing to quantify lower-limb joint kinematics in healthy and pathological gait","volume":"159","author":"B Horsak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0304511.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024","article-title":"OpenSim: Open-Source Software to Create and Analyze Dynamic Simulations of Movement","volume":"54","author":"SL Delp","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0304511.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-017-1920-7","article-title":"Why are Antagonist Muscles Co-activated in My Simulation? A Musculoskeletal Model for Analysing Human Locomotor Tasks","volume":"45","author":"AKM Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0304511.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2586891","article-title":"Full-Body Musculoskeletal Model for Muscle-Driven Simulation of Human Gait","volume":"63","author":"A Rajagopal","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304511.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0304511.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20171087","article-title":"COLLEGIATE MALE SOCCER PLAYERS EXHIBIT BETWEEN-LIMB SYMMETRY IN BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCLE STRENGTH, AND RANGE OF MOTION","volume":"12","author":"MD DeLang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304511.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318259efa0","article-title":"Gender Differences in Landing Mechanics Vary Depending on the Type of Landing","volume":"23","author":"RJ Butler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0304511.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814019849794","article-title":"Asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant legs in the lower limb biomechanics during single-leg landings in females","volume":"11","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Mechanical Engineering"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0304511.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01547","article-title":"Differences Between Sexes in Lower Extremity Alignment and Muscle Activation During Soccer Kick","volume":"92","author":"RH Brophy","year":"2010","journal-title":"JBJS"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T18:08:47Z","timestamp":1717783727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304511"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304511","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]}}}