{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:28:15Z","timestamp":1781659695449,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#16171001 and #17180791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#16171001 and #17180791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"General Research Fund","award":["#14607319 and #14609820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#14607319 and #14609820"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the comorbidity of adolescent depression and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and their shared and unique cognitive-behavioral factors (i.e., self-esteem, dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness, and coping), a large-scale school-based survey was conducted among 3147 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong. Probable depression and IGD were screened using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and DSM-5 IGD checklist, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the associations between different condition statuses and cognitive-behavioral factors. Four groups were identified, including comorbidity group (having probable depression and IGD), IGD group (having probable IGD alone), depression group (probable depression alone), and healthy group (neither condition). Comorbidity group showed the worst cognitive-behavioral statuses, followed by depression group and then IGD group. Compared with healthy group, those with lower self-esteem and higher hopelessness and dysfunctional attitudes were more likely to be classified into depression group and comorbidity group, while maladaptive coping was positively associated with all three disorder groups. The results suggest that depression and IGD may share common cognitive-behavioral mechanisms (e.g., maladaptive coping) but also own their uniqueness regarding specific factors (e.g., hopelessness and self-esteem). A transdiagnostic intervention approach targeting the common factors may effectively address the comorbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T17:27:12Z","timestamp":1720718832000},"page":"e0304715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cognitive-behavioral statuses in depression and internet gaming disorder of adolescents: A transdiagnostic approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"She","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei Man","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-2994","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0304715.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). (5th ed.). 2013, Washington, DC.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304715.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420962851","article-title":"Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"M.W. Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref003","article-title":"How has Internet Addiction been Tracked Over the Last Decade? A Literature Review and 3C Paradigm for Future Research","volume":"11","author":"X.-L. Duong","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2017.11.015","article-title":"Internet and Video Game Addictions: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Neurobiology","volume":"27","author":"C.J. Sussman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0304715.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13754","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"F.W. Paulus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020579","article-title":"Prevalence and interpersonal correlates of internet gaming disorders among Chinese adolescents","volume":"17","author":"X. Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serial multiple mediation of the association between internet gaming disorder and suicidal ideation by insomnia and depression in adolescents in Shanghai, China","volume":"20","author":"Y. Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.02.014","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and depression in individuals with internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"284","author":"E.G. Ostinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00154","article-title":"The comorbidity between internet gaming disorder and depression: Interrelationship and neural mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"L. Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000337971","article-title":"The association between pathological internet use and comorbid psychopathology: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"V. Carli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.5455\/annalsmedres.2020.01.029","article-title":"Internet addiction and comorbid pyschiatric disorders in adolescents","volume":"27","author":"S. Karatoprak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Medical Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304715.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12441","article-title":"Treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression with cognitive\u2010behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"109","author":"H. Riper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref013","article-title":"Longitudinal modifiable risk and protective factors of internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"X. Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079351","article-title":"Convergences among psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral theories of depression","volume":"9","author":"S.J. Blatt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychoanalytic psychology"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref015","first-page":"191","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of the relapse process","volume":"25","author":"G.A. Marlatt","year":"1979","journal-title":"NIDA Res Monogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.47.1.33","article-title":"Theoretical foundations of cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety and depression","volume":"47","author":"C.R. Brewin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annual review of psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(00)00041-8","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use","volume":"17","author":"R.A. Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref018","volume-title":"Conginitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders New American Library","author":"A. Beck","year":"1976"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.2.199","article-title":"Efficiently assessing negative cognition in depression: an item response theory analysis of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale","volume":"19","author":"C.G. Beevers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-006-0013-1","article-title":"Cognitive theories of depression in children and adolescents: A conceptual and quantitative review","volume":"10","author":"Z. Lakdawalla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical child and family psychology review"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035133","article-title":"Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later","volume":"106","author":"A.E. Steiger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of personality and social psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410802698396","article-title":"Insecure attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, and low self-esteem predicting prospective symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence","volume":"38","author":"A. Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of clinical child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304715.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.0011","article-title":"Age of initiation and internet gaming disorder: The role of self-esteem","volume":"20","author":"C.L. Beard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01731","article-title":"The association between video gaming and psychological functioning","volume":"10","author":"J.M. Von Der Heiden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00727","article-title":"Further insights into the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS): unidimensionality among psychiatric inpatients","volume":"11","author":"M. Balsamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304715.ref026","first-page":"345","article-title":"The hopelessness theory of depression: A quarter\u2010century in review","volume":"22","author":"R.T. Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S325323","article-title":"Associations Between Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms Mediated by Depressive Symptoms and Hopelessness Among College Students","volume":"17","author":"C. Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304715.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199305000-00002","article-title":"Coping theory and research: past, present, and future","volume":"55","author":"R.S. Lazarus","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychosomatic medicine"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.009","article-title":"The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"213","author":"H.J. Huh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dau090","article-title":"Coping profiles, perceived stress and health-related behaviors: a cluster analysis approach","volume":"30","author":"J. Doron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Promotion International"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref031","article-title":"How COVID-19 stress related to schooling and online learning affects adolescent depression and Internet gaming disorder: Testing Conservation of Resources theory with sex difference","author":"R. She","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0304715.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.10.004","article-title":"Specific coping behaviors in relation to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation","volume":"34","author":"A.G. Horwitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304715.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21115","DOI":"10.2196\/21115","article-title":"The Moderating Role of Coping Mechanisms and Being an e-Sport Player Between Psychiatric Symptoms and Gaming Disorder: Online Survey","volume":"8","author":"F. B\u00e1nyai","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304715.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.05.003","article-title":"The exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of Internet addiction among adolescents: A prospective study","volume":"55","author":"C.-H. Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105893","article-title":"Prevalence and socio-demographic, anthropometric, and cognitive correlates of internet gaming disorder among children in China","volume":"122","author":"X. Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0304715.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155431","article-title":"Screening for depression in the general population with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D): a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"G. Vilagut","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref037","article-title":"Rosenberg self-esteem scale","author":"M. Rosenberg","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0304715.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00331-8","article-title":"Item-wording and the dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Do they matter?","volume":"35","author":"E. Greenberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Personality and individual differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-021-09936-4","article-title":"The efficient assessment of self-esteem: proposing the brief rosenberg self-esteem scale","volume":"17","author":"R.P. Monteiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Research in Quality of Life"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304715.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-009-9229-y","article-title":"Measuring dysfunctional attitudes in the general population: the dysfunctional attitude scale (form A) revised","volume":"33","author":"L.E. De Graaf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive therapy and research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.38.2.b","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Form A (DAS-A) in a community sample","volume":"38","author":"D.F.K. Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref042","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quick assessment of hopelessness: a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"P.S. Yip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health and quality of life outcomes"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref043","unstructured":"Perry, R., et al., Explained. 2004, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304715.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.23.3.141","article-title":"The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire","volume":"23","author":"N. Garnefski","year":"2007","journal-title":"European journal of psychological assessment"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref045","unstructured":"Bhalla, D. WHEN AND WHY TO STANDARDIZE A VARIABLE. 2017; https:\/\/www.listendata.com\/2017\/04\/how-to-standardize-variable-in-regression.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref046","first-page":"30","article-title":"Mental Health and the Youths in Hong Kong","volume":"48","author":"F.F. Tsang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26808","DOI":"10.2196\/26808","article-title":"Leisure and problem gaming behaviors among children and adolescents during school closures caused by COVID-19 in Hong Kong: quantitative cross-sectional survey study","volume":"9","author":"S. Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR serious games"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00016","article-title":"Depression and anxiety symptoms associated with internet gaming disorder before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Z. Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304715.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.21134\/rpcna.2020.mon.2056","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents","volume":"7","author":"B. Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista de psicolog\u00eda cl\u00ednica con ni\u00f1os y adolescentes"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0304715.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725221074997","article-title":"Gaming and social media use among adolescents in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"39","author":"A. Nilsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03392158","article-title":"The nature of clinical depression: Symptoms, syndromes, and behavior analysis","volume":"31","author":"J.W. Kanter","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Behavior Analyst"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenfield, S. and D. Smith, Gender and mental health: Do men and women have different amounts or types of problems. A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems, 2010: p. 256\u2013267.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511984945.017"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref053","unstructured":"McGivern, R., Stress Response: Sex Differences q. 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020283","article-title":"Depressive symptoms of Chinese children: prevalence and correlated factors among subgroups","volume":"15","author":"M. Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0304715.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13197","article-title":"Mechanisms linking parental educational attainment with child ADHD, depression, and academic problems: a study of extended families in The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study","volume":"61","author":"F.A. Torvik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9951","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66535-3","article-title":"The correlation between family relationships and brain activity within the reward circuit in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder","volume":"10","author":"H. Hwang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473","article-title":"The p factor: one general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders?","volume":"2","author":"A. Caspi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical psychological science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0304715.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4862-3","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of internet gaming disorder among secondary school students in rural community, Thailand: A cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"P. Taechoyotin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0304715.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0304","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder explains unique variance in psychological distress and disability after controlling for comorbid depression, OCD, ADHD, and anxiety","volume":"20","author":"B.T. Pearcy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0304715.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000482","article-title":"Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions","volume":"88","author":"T. Dalgleish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of consulting and clinical psychology"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.057","article-title":"Cognitive styles and future depressed mood in early adulthood: The importance of global attributions","volume":"171","author":"R. Pearson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref062","first-page":"74","article-title":"Study on the relationship between internet addiction and coping styles of secondary vocational school students","volume":"20","author":"E. Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Health Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.08.009","article-title":"Big five personality and adolescent Internet addiction: The mediating role of coping style","volume":"64","author":"Y. Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addictive behaviors"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.027","article-title":"More adaptive versus less maladaptive coping: What is more predictive of symptom severity? Development of a new scale to investigate coping profiles across different psychopathological syndromes","volume":"191","author":"S. Moritz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106530","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder and psychosocial well-being: A longitudinal study of older-aged adolescents and emerging adults","volume":"110","author":"Z. Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref066","unstructured":"Education Bureau Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Student Enrolment Statistics 2019\/20. 2020."},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref067","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of video and internet gaming addiction among Hong Kong adolescents: A pilot study","volume":"2014","author":"C.-W. Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"pone.0304715.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107555","article-title":"The double-edged sword effect of social networking use intensity on problematic social networking use among college students: The role of social skills and social anxiety","volume":"140","author":"R. She","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0304715.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13111557","article-title":"Mental Pain Correlates with Mind Wandering, Self-Reflection, and Insight in Individuals with Psychotic Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"13","author":"A. Rodolico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T17:28:20Z","timestamp":1720718900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304715"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Concerto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304715","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]}}}