{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T19:19:43Z","timestamp":1772219983757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021638","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["430-2020-00373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430-2020-00373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["165892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC-2021-00269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC-2021-00269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec022\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While prior studies have shown LGB individuals have elevated risk of poor mental health, poor physical health, and substance use, existing study designs may be improved by using representative samples, wider ranges of health outcomes, heterosexual comparison groups, and disaggregated data. The goal of this study is to provide estimates of multiple health disparities across sexual orientations in Canada based on these principles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec023\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from 2009-2014 Canadian Community Health Surveys, a sample of 19,980,000 weighted individuals was created. Outcomes included mental health, physical health, binge drinking, illicit drug use, and cannabis use. The study used logistic regression models adjusted by covariates, stratified by sex, to estimate health disparities across sexual orientations over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec024\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among LGB individuals, there was evidence for elevated risk of poor mental health (i.e. gay men, bisexual men, bisexual women), poor physical health (i.e. bisexual men, bisexual women), binge drinking (i.e. lesbians, bisexual women), illicit drug use (i.e. lesbians, bisexual women), and cannabis use (i.e. lesbians, bisexual women) relative to their heterosexual counterparts. Those identifying as \u2018don\u2019t know\u2019 or \u2018refuse\u2019 showed reduced odds of substance use. Bisexual women exhibited highest disparities in health outcomes, e.g. OR=3.3, 95% 2.58 to 4.22 for poor mental health. Trends over time showed worsening mental health among bisexual women (relative to changes in heterosexual women), and decreasing substance use in gay and bisexual men, and lesbians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec025\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights health disparities across sexual orientations in Canada, especially bisexual women, calling for targeted interventions (e.g. increased training of service providers in working with bisexual women and community outreach against biphobia). Future research should aim to explore these disparities longitudinally while also including the use of administrative-linked health data to reduce potential bias in self-reported data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T13:22:13Z","timestamp":1742217733000},"page":"e0305019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disparities in self-reported mental health, physical health, and substance use across sexual orientations in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zachary","family":"Bellows","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chungah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiya","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6756-7031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antony","family":"Chum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0305019.ref001","article-title":"Minority stress and lesbian women","volume-title":"Lexington, Mass","author":"VR Brooks","year":"1981"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305019.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.2307\/2137286","article-title":"Minority stress and mental health in gay men","volume":"36","author":"IH Meyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0305019.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016441","article-title":"How does sexual minority stigma \u201cget under the skin\u201d? 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