{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:38:59Z","timestamp":1790563139963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In addressing issues related to electromagnetic interference, the demand for ferrite materials with exceptional magnetic and dielectric properties has escalated recently. In this research, sol-gel auto combustion technique prepared Nickel zinc ferrites substituted with cerium, denoted as\n                    <jats:italic>Ni<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>Zn<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>Ce<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0.02<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>Fe<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1.98<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    .X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Field Emissions Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were used to investigate the structure, magnetic properties, and morphology of Cerium doped\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    Nano ferrites, respectively. The magnetic and dielectric properties of the sample was examined within a frequency range of 2.5\u20135.5 GHz. Sample exhibits low permittivity (2.2), high permeability (1.4), low dielectric (0.35) and magnetic loss tangent (-0.5) and highest saturation magnetization measuring 30.28 emu\/g. A Novel Double-band, 4x4 MIMO window grill-modeled antennas operating on 3.5 GHz and 4.8 GHz frequency bands for 5G smartphones is designed using the CST microwave studio suite. The performance of window grilled 4x4 MIMO antenna model with Cerium doped\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    nano ferrites as substrate, is investigated and found the return loss of -35 and -32 dB, with the bandwidth of 200MHz, gain (1.89 &amp; 4.38dBi), envelope correlation coefficient (0.00185), channel capacity loss (0.2bps\/Hz), and interterminal isolation of (22&amp; 19dB).The results show that the antenna size is reduced with improved bandwidth, higher isolation and better diversity gain performance using Cerium doped\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    nano ferrite substrate compared to conventional dielectric substrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T13:22:26Z","timestamp":1721136146000},"page":"e0305060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Synthesis and characterization of cerium doped NiZn nano ferrites as substrate material for multi band MIMO antenna"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3040-5948","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raees Muhammad","family":"Asif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid Niaz","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Azhar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nawaz","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz","family":"Abdul Muqeet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305060.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.32604\/csse.2022.023102","article-title":"A Compact Self-Isolated MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Terminals","volume":"42","author":"M. Y. Muhsin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305060.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15030579","article-title":"Design of MIMO Antenna with Double L-Shaped Structure for 5G NR","volume":"15","author":"Z. Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Symmetry (Basel)"},{"issue":"February","key":"pone.0305060.ref003","first-page":"1125","article-title":"A Compact Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for WLAN Applications","volume":"74","author":"Z. Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"2018 48th Eur. Microw. Conf. EuMC 2018"},{"issue":"C","key":"pone.0305060.ref004","first-page":"631","article-title":"Effect of a flexible polymer dielectric and magneto-dielectric composite substrates in antenna array","author":"A. S. M. Alqadami","year":"2016","journal-title":"2015 Int. Symp. Antennas Propagation, ISAP 2015"},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2019.165918","article-title":"Mg-Nd-Cd ferrite as substrate for X-band microstrip patch antenna","volume":"499","author":"S. R Bhongale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0305060.ref006","first-page":"78","article-title":"Ferrite substrate in patch antennas for millimeter wave applications","author":"C. F. L. Vasconcelos","year":"2009","journal-title":"SBMO\/IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Optoelectron. Conf. Proc."},{"issue":"January","key":"pone.0305060.ref007","first-page":"46","article-title":"Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna Printed on LiTi Ferrite with Perpendicular DC Magnetic Biasing","volume":"6","author":"N. Saxena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"issue":"C","key":"pone.0305060.ref008","first-page":"94","article-title":"Design of implantable antenna on the dielectric\/ferrite substrate for wireless biotelemetry","author":"J. H. Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"2015 Int. Symp. Antennas Propagation, ISAP 2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0305060.ref009","first-page":"42","article-title":"Mg Sm Ferrite for Nano structured EShaped Patch Antenna studies","volume":"30","author":"V. Naidu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305060.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.2017-0291","article-title":"Ferrite-based wideband circularly polarized microstrip antenna design","volume":"41","author":"M. Mashhadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ETRI J"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0305060.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1109\/75.173402","article-title":"Magnetic Tuning of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Fabricated on a Ferrite Film","volume":"2","author":"P. J. Rainville","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305060.ref012","article-title":"Magnetic materials for mobile communication antennas substrate application","volume":"265","author":"H. Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2011.2159468","article-title":"Miniature long-term evolution (LTE) MIMO ferrite antenna","volume":"10","author":"J. Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett"},{"issue":"November","key":"pone.0305060.ref014","first-page":"414658","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of Tb doped Ni\u2014Zn nano ferrites as substrate material for dual band MIMO antenna","volume":"653","author":"R. M. Asif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0305060.ref015","first-page":"15","volume":"8","author":"E. X. D. Etails","year":"2017","journal-title":"ANTENNA ON EM SUBSTRATE"},{"issue":"0","key":"pone.0305060.ref016","volume":"86","author":"D. Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magnetic properties and microstructures of a Ni-Zn ferrite"},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref017","first-page":"121","volume":"192","author":"A. M. Abdeen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dielectric behaviour in Ni\u2014Zn ferrites"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305060.ref018","first-page":"267","article-title":"A Review on Appropriateness of Cobalt based Alloys and Super Alloys for Machining","volume":"8","author":"S. Deshpande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol."},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref019","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Ce 3 + \u2011 doped nanocrystalline cobalt\u2014zinc spinel ferrite : microstructural, magnetic, and optical characterizations","volume":"0123456789","author":"M. Prasad","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.153583","article-title":"Enhanced transport properties in Ce doped cobalt ferrites nanoparticles for resistive RAM applications","author":"M. Kamran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305060.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/10584587.2017.1324721","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of rare-earth elements substituted Ni-Zn ferrites","volume":"178","author":"A. I. Journal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Ferroelectr."},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00177","article-title":"Synthesis of Spinel Ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn) for Persulfate Activation to Remove Aqueous Organics: Effects of M-Site Metal and Synthetic Method","volume":"8","author":"G. Xian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0305060.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.10.1520","article-title":"Dielectric properties of fine particles of fe3o4and some ferrites","volume":"10","author":"Z. Iwauchi","year":"1971","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305060.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3455875","article-title":"Low-loss spinel nanoferrite with matching permeability and permittivity in the ultrahigh frequency range","volume":"108","author":"A. Thakur","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0305060.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2009.01.004","article-title":"Recent advances in processing and applications of microwave ferrites","volume":"321","author":"V. G. Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0305060.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1109\/20.800552","article-title":"Factors affecting initial permeability of co-substituted Ni-Zn-Cu ferrites","volume":"35","author":"T. Y. Byun","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2017.10.035","article-title":"The effect of milling time on the magnetic properties of NiFe-based composites","volume":"470","author":"S. Y. Bobrovskii","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"issue":"April","key":"pone.0305060.ref028","first-page":"260","article-title":"Al doped spinel and garnet nanostructured ferrites for microwave frequency C and X- band applications","volume":"123","author":"M. Niaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305060.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5665","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC103.665669","volume":"10","author":"A. Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref030","article-title":"Enhancement of Ni\u2014Zn ferrite nanoparticles parameters via cerium element for optoelectronic and energy applications","author":"R. M. Kershi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discover Nano"},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref031","unstructured":"E. Analysis, \u201cNumerical Evaluation of the Frequency-Dependent Impedance of Hemispherical Ground Electrodes through Finite Element Analysis,\u201d 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305060.ref032","first-page":"266","volume":"36","author":"R. M. Asif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analysis and Design of an Efficient and Novel MIMO Antenna for 5G Smart Phones Using FDTD and FEM"},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref033","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Surface Current Distribution and Performance Analysis of Different Feeding Techniques for Microstrip Patch Antenna","author":"A. A. Samat","year":"2020","journal-title":"2020 13th Int. UNIMAS Eng. Conf. EnCon"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305060.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14447-9","article-title":"A compact evolved antenna for 5G communications","volume":"12","author":"I. Marasco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0305060.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2908261","article-title":"An Extremely Low-Profile Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphones","volume":"67","author":"D. Q. Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"pone.0305060.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Huang, G. Dong, Q. Cai, Z. Chen, and L. Li, \u201cDual-Band MIMO Antenna for 5G \/ WLAN Mobile Terminals,\u201d 2021.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12050489"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0305060.ref037","first-page":"1","article-title":"A quad\u2010port dual\u2010band mimo antenna array for 5g smartphone applications","volume":"10","author":"J. Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electron."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T13:23:11Z","timestamp":1721136191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305060"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anjana","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305060","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]}}}