{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T05:23:29Z","timestamp":1774243409277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Compromised heat loss due to limited convection and evaporation can increase thermal strain. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of ice slurry ingestion to reduce thermal strain following hyperthermia in a state of compromised heat loss. Twelve healthy males (age: 25 \u00b1 4y) underwent hot water immersion to elevate rectal temperature (T<jats:sub>rec<\/jats:sub>) by 1.82 \u00b1 0.08\u00b0C on four occasions. In the subsequent 60-min of seated recovery, participants ingested either 6.8 g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> of ice slurry (-0.6\u00b0C) or control drink (37\u00b0C) in ambient conditions (21 \u00b1 1\u00b0C, 39 \u00b1 10% relative humidity), wearing either t-shirt and shorts (2 trials: ICE and CON) or a whole-body sweat suit (2 trials: ICE-SS and CON-SS). T<jats:sub>rec<\/jats:sub> and mean skin temperature (T<jats:sub>sk<\/jats:sub>) were recorded and a two-compartment thermometry model of heat storage was calculated. Heat storage was lower in ICE compared with CON at 20-40min (p \u2264 0.044, d \u2265 0.88) and for ICE-SS compared with CON-SS at 40\u201360 min (p \u2264 0.012, d \u2265 0.93). T<jats:sub>rec<\/jats:sub> was lower in ICE compared with CON from 30-60min (p \u2264 0.034, d \u2265 0.65), with a trend for a reduced T<jats:sub>rec<\/jats:sub> in ICE-SS compared with CON-SS at 40min (p = 0.079, d = 0.60). A greater T<jats:sub>sk<\/jats:sub> was found in ICE-SS and CON-SS compared with ICE and CON (p &lt; 0.001, d \u2265 3.37). A trend for a lower T<jats:sub>sk<\/jats:sub> for ICE compared with CON was found at 20-40min (p \u2264 0.099, d \u2265 0.53), no differences were found for ICE-SS vs CON-SS (p \u2265 0.554, d \u2264 0.43). Ice slurry ingestion can effectively reduce heat storage when heat loss through convection and evaporation is compromised, relevant to those wearing personal protective equipment or those with compromised sweat loss. Compromised heat loss delays the reduction in heat storage, possibly related to ice slurry ingestion not lowering T<jats:sub>sk<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T17:29:49Z","timestamp":1723224589000},"page":"e0305068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Compromised heat loss leads to a delayed ice slurry induced reduction in heat storage"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0523-2826","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Goosey-Tolfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3539-8480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christof A.","family":"Leicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0305068.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(00)80080-8","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on physiological responses and exercise performance in elite cyclists.","volume":"3","author":"AJ Tatterson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-347X(05)80016-3","article-title":"Heat strain is reduced at different rates with hand, foot, forearm or lower leg cooling.","volume":"3","author":"JR House","year":"2005","journal-title":"Elsevier Ergon B Ser"},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2009.01.005","article-title":"Circadian aspects of body temperature regulation in exercise","author":"T Reilly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Biology"},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref004","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Attenuated skin blood flow response to hyperthermia in paraplegic men","volume":"56","author":"PR Freund","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021033","article-title":"Circulatory responses during arm exercise in individuals with paraplegia.","volume":"15","author":"MTE Hopman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp006026","article-title":"Thermoregulation in spinal man","volume":"142","author":"L Guttmann","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130012","article-title":"Performance in the heat-physiological factors of importance for hyperthermia-induced fatigue.","volume":"4","author":"L Nybo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol."},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0657-z","article-title":"Cognitive Functioning and Heat Strain: Performance Responses and Protective Strategies.","volume":"47","author":"C Schmit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sport Med."},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00278-1","article-title":"Evaluation of cognitive performance in the heat by functional brain imaging and psychometric testing.","volume":"128","author":"C Hocking","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Mol Integr Physiol."},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.102922","article-title":"Effect of ice slurry ingestion on core temperature and blood pressure response after exercise in a hot environment","volume":"98","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092928","article-title":"Precooling and percooling (cooling during exercise) both improve performance in the heat: a meta-analytical review.","volume":"49","author":"CCWG Bongers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"key":"pone.0305068.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333060-00005","article-title":"Warm up I: Potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance.","volume":"33","author":"D. 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