{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:03:28Z","timestamp":1790193808751,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000856","name":"Colt Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF\/01\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF\/01\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Small airways obstruction (SAO) has been associated with occupational exposures. Whether exposure to harmful occupational agents impacts the survival of people with SAO is unknown. Our aim was to estimate the mortality risk associated with occupational exposures among people with SAO.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We used data from UK Biobank participants with SAO, defined as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in three seconds to forced expiratory volume in six seconds (FEV<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/FEV<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>) below the lower limit of normal. We assigned lifetime occupational exposures to participants with available occupational histories using the ALOHA+ Job Exposure Matrix. Mortality data were provided by the National Death Registries. We used Cox regression to assess the association of all-cause mortality with lifetime occupational exposures (vapours, gases, dusts, fumes\u2014VGDF; solvents; pesticides; metals), adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The 13,942 participants with SAO had a mean age of 56\u00b17 years, 59% were females and 94.2% were of White ancestry. Overall, there were 457 deaths over a median follow-up of 12.8 years. A greater mortality risk was associated with exposure to VGDF, with hazard ratios of 1.32 (95%CI: 1.04\u20131.78) for low levels and 1.41 (95%CI: 1.11\u20131.78) for moderate levels of cumulative exposure. There was no evidence of association for the other occupational exposures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lifetime occupational exposure to VGDF in people with SAO may have a detrimental effect on their survival. Future respiratory health surveillance programmes of people exposed to VGDF should consider assessment for SAO and focus on primary prevention through adequate exposure control.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T18:18:25Z","timestamp":1718129905000},"page":"e0305125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mortality risk associated with occupational exposures in people with small airways obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6351-2383","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valentina","family":"Quintero-Santofimio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosetta","family":"Minelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-1890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hans J.","family":"Kromhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Knox-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Feary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0369-9449","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andre F. S.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"119","key":"pone.0305125.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00010410","article-title":"The role of small airways in obstructive airway diseases.","volume":"20","author":"PR Burgel","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Respiratory Review."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305125.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00456-9","article-title":"Small airways obstruction and its risk factors in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study.","volume":"11","author":"B Knox-Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0305125.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.9705029","article-title":"Pulmonary ventilatory defects and occupational exposures in a population-based study in Spain. Spanish Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey","volume":"157","author":"J Sunyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0305125.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1429","article-title":"Effect of occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes on COPD mortality risk among Swedish construction workers: a longitudinal cohort study.","volume":"145","author":"K Tor\u00e9n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0305125.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106394","article-title":"Occupational exposure to soft paper dust and mortality.","volume":"77","author":"K Tor\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occupational and environmental medicinePubMed Central PMCID"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305125.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age.","volume":"12","author":"C Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pone.0305125.ref007","article-title":"Occupational exposures and small airways obstruction in the UK Biobank Cohort.","author":"J Feary","year":"2023","journal-title":"ERJ Open Research."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0305125.ref008","first-page":"181","article-title":"Occupational self-coding and automatic recording (OSCAR): a novel web-based tool to collect and code lifetime job histories in large population-based studies.","volume":"43","author":"S De Matteis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of work"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0305125.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3803","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2098","article-title":"Choice of time-scale in Cox\u2019s model analysis of epidemiologic cohort data: a simulation study.","volume":"23","author":"AC Thi\u00e9baut","year":"2004","journal-title":"Statistics in medicine."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0305125.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.10.046","article-title":"Significance of FEV(3)\/FEV(6) in Recognition of Early Airway Disease in Smokers at Risk of Development of COPD: Analysis of the SPIROMICS Cohort.","volume":"161","author":"N Yee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305125.ref011","article-title":"The association of spirometric small airways obstruction with respiratory symptoms, cardiometabolic diseases, and quality of life: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study.","volume":"24","author":"B Knox-Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resp Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305125.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002056","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-002056","article-title":"Isolated small airways obstruction predicts future chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"B Knox-Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research"},{"key":"pone.0305125.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-11","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and occupational exposures.","volume":"1","author":"P Boschetto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0305125.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.047","article-title":"A Novel Spirometric Measure Identifies Mild COPD Unidentified by Standard Criteria.","volume":"150","author":"AG Dilektasli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T18:18:45Z","timestamp":1718129925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305125"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Davor","family":"Plavec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]}}}