{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:57:43Z","timestamp":1775789863141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSGH-B-112020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-B-112020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes dysfunction of salivation and harmful oral conditions. The association between periodontal disease (PD) and pSS with or without geniquin therapy remains controversial. This study evaluated the association between geniquin therapy and the risk of subsequent development of PD in pSS patients. From Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected a control cohort of 106,818 pSS patients, followed up from 2000 to 2015, matched (1:4) by age and index year with 427,272 non-pSS patients. We also analyzed 15,149 pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy (cohort 1) and 91,669 pSS patients not receiving geniquin therapy (cohort 2). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to compare the risk of PD over the 15-year follow-up. In the control cohort, 11,941 (11.2%) pSS patients developed PD compared to 39,797 (9.3%) non-pSS patients. In cohorts 1 and 2, 1,914 (12.6%) pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy and 10,027 (10.9%) pSS patients not receiving geniquin therapy developed PD. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent PD in pSS patients was 1.165 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.147\u20131.195, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and in pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy was 1.608 (95% CI = 1.526\u20131.702, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The adjusted HR for PD treatment was 1.843. Patients diagnosed with pSS showed an increased risk of developing subsequent PD and receiving PD treatment than patients without pSS, while pSS patients receiving geniquin therapy showed even higher risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T17:29:50Z","timestamp":1723051790000},"page":"e0305130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between geniquin therapy and the risk of developing periodontal disease in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A population-based cohort study from Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chun-Yuan","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da-Yo","family":"Yuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Chyun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iau-Jin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hsiang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2202-6649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chung-Hsing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu-Chien","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunng-Shinng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0305130.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.110","article-title":"Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"G Nocturne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"pone.0305130.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205375","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"B Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"pone.0305130.ref003","first-page":"318","article-title":"Major salivary gland function in primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome and its relationship to clinical features","volume":"17","author":"J Atkinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"pone.0305130.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.4.499","article-title":"Measurement of whole unstimulated salivary flow in the diagnosis of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"51","author":"PM Speight","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"pone.0305130.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00088.x","article-title":"Analysis of the concentration and output of whole salivary constituents in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"104","author":"W Reijden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"pone.0305130.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1123","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome: Autoimmune Epithelitis","volume":"72","author":"H. 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