{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T00:17:52Z","timestamp":1793924272323,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Over the past decade, nationally representative research elucidating the association between depression and infertility has been notably lacking. Our study aimed to investigate the association between depression and infertility among women of childbearing age.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study encompassed 3,654 women aged 18 to 45 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013\u20132018. Infertility was defined as a positive response to the query: \u201cHave you attempted to conceive for a minimum of one year without achieving pregnancy?\u201d Depression was evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score (range, 0\u201327). Multiple logistic regression analyses and subgroup analyses stratified by age and race\/ethnicity were conducted to investigate the association between depression and infertility. Furthermore, fitted smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis were utilized to depict the nonlinear relationship.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Total PHQ-9 score was associated with infertility in the fully adjusted model (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.07, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010), and this relationship exhibited a non-linear pattern, reaching a saturation point at 13, as substantiated by the fitting of smoothed curves. Additionally, the association remained robust when stratified by age but not by race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cross-sectional design and recall biases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, depression was associated with infertility among women of childbearing age in the fully adjusted models. This observed association holds potential relevance for clinicians tasked with enhancing psychological well-being during infertility management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T17:29:57Z","timestamp":1721669397000},"page":"e0305176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between depression and infertility based on the PHQ-9 score: Analyses of NHANES 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