{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:31:35Z","timestamp":1781109095492,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HIV\/AIDS is a chronic disease that challenges public health worldwide and causes morbidity and mortality in humans. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of longitudinal changes in CD4 cell count and survival time to death among HIV\/AIDS patients as adults from January 2016 to December 2019 at Yabelo General Hospital. The intellectual gap in this study was focused on the study area, which means that the study related to joint modeling doesn\u2019t exist in the pastoralist community of Borena.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study involved 293 adult HIV-infected adults that could be collected from the recorded patient chart data, and the study design is a retrospective cohort design. The study used a Cox proportional hazard model, a linear mixed effect model, and a joint model, which is the combination of both model processes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The joint model showed that longitudinal CD4 cell count is significantly associated with survival time (p-value = 0.0253). Covariates such as visiting time, age, weight, educational status, ART adherence, and functional status were statistically significant factors associated with mean changes in the CD4 cell count of HIV patients. WHO stage, educational status, place of residence, TB, family history, and opportunistic infection disease had a significant effect on the survival time of HIV patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The estimated association parameter is a negative value, which indicates both outcomes are negatively associated, and higher values of the CD4 cell count are associated with better survival.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T18:53:14Z","timestamp":1719255194000},"page":"e0305519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Determinants of longitudinal changes of CD4 cell count and survival time to death of HIV\/AIDS patients treated at Yabelo General Hospital, the case of pastoralist area: Using joint modelling approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Galgalo Jaba","family":"Nura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arero Biqicha","family":"Guyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8676-732X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markos Abiso","family":"Erango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0305519.ref001","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, 2012. 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Siraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS-Research and Palliative Care"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.05.011","article-title":"Early diagnosis, vertical transmission of HIV and its associated factors among exposed infants after implementation of the Option B+ regime in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"T Getaneh","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJID regions"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305519.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4314\/ejpch.v18i1.1","article-title":"Pediatric HIV epidemic: Status and prospects in Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"S. 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UNAIDS, 2022 Core epidemiology slides; July 2022. UNAIDS, Global HIV statistics 2022 fact sheet; July 2022; UNAIDS, UNAIDS data 2022; July 2022."},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref008","volume-title":"Linear mixed models for longitudinal data","author":"G Verbeke","year":"1997"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref009","first-page":"248","article-title":"Regression models and life tables","volume":"34","year":"1972","journal-title":"JR Stat Soc"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003181064","volume-title":"Linear mixed models: a practical guide using statistical software","author":"BT West","year":"2022"},{"issue":"508","key":"pone.0305519.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2014.931236","article-title":"Combining dynamic predictions from joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data using Bayesian model averaging","volume":"109","author":"D Rizopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0305519.ref012","first-page":"292","article-title":"Joint modeling of longitudinal CD4 cell counts and time-to-default from HAART treatment: a comparison of separate and joint models","volume":"7","author":"A Seid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0305519.ref013","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictors of CD4 count changes after initiation of antiretroviral treatment in University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar in Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"MM Kebede","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Research in HIV\/AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8835485","article-title":"Linear mixed modeling of CD4 cell counts of HIV-infected children treated with antiretroviral therapy","volume":"2021","author":"BB Anjullo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3108-7","article-title":"Determinants of CD4 cell count change and time-to default from HAART; a comparison of separate and joint models","volume":"18","author":"AS Tegegne","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S280338","article-title":"Predictors of anemia among adult HIV positive patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study","volume":"29","author":"CD Agegnehu","year":"2021","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS-Research and Palliative Care"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8423347","article-title":"Factors associated with baseline CD4 cell counts and advanced HIV disease among male and female HIV-positive patients in Iran: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"2022","author":"S Afrashteh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40745-016-0085-9","article-title":"Joint modeling of longitudinal CD4 count and weight measurements of HIV\/tuberculosis co-infected patients at Jimma University specialized hospital","volume":"3","author":"A Temesgen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Data Science"},{"key":"pone.0305519.ref019","article-title":"Longitudinal Cd4 Cell Count and Time to Death Among HIV Infected Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy","author":"A. Tayu Nigusie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Unpublished Document"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T18:53:51Z","timestamp":1719255231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305519"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dawit Getachew","family":"Assefa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305519","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]}}}