{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T22:10:35Z","timestamp":1782339035170,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10001A_185210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10001A_185210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vaccination has proven to be an essential strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to discern the factors influencing both the intentions for and actual behavior regarding COVID-19 vaccination among remote, rural populations in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study utilized panel survey data comprising 1,698 randomly selected household heads. These are predominantly illiterate, of Muslim religion, middle-aged, and male, with agriculture or day labor as primary income source. They reside in 36 locations distributed along the whole 250 km length of the Jamuna River in Bangladesh. Data collection occurred through face-to-face and telephone interviews conducted between September 2021 and October 2022. Descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares regression models were employed to assess influence factors for COVID-19 vaccination intentions and uptake. The analyses considered the constructs of the Health Belief Model alongside sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, age, religion, education, and income source.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Survey respondents showed a notably high willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine promptly upon its availability. However, the effectiveness of the Health Belief Model in elucidating COVID-19 vaccination uptake was limited, except for its availability component. Older individuals, those with higher levels of education, and individuals employed in government or formal sector occupations were prompt in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine as it became available. Gender, religion, and the presence of dependents in the household did not exert a significant influence on vaccination uptake.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results indicate that a strong willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine correlated with an increased likelihood of vaccine uptake once it was available. These findings suggest that a widespread distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to low-income and remote areas could have served as a vital strategy in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T17:21:32Z","timestamp":1723224092000},"page":"e0305659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["COVID-19 vaccination uptake in remote areas\u2014Evidence from a panel survey in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8977-4480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lukas","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-051X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vally","family":"Koubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2096-0335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Freihardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0305659.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704507114","article-title":"Simply put: Vaccination saves lives","volume":"114","author":"WA Orenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0305659.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab079","article-title":"The impact of vaccination on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in the United States","volume":"73","author":"SM Moghadas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0305659.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S347669","article-title":"A Global Map of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rates per Country: An Updated Concise Narrative Review","volume":"15","author":"M Sallam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0305659.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01122-8","article-title":"A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations","volume":"5","author":"E Mathieu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature human behaviour"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305659.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0230783","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230783","article-title":"Qualitative insights into reasons for missed opportunities for vaccination in Kenyan health facilities","volume":"15","author":"AJ Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0305659.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/02185377.2021.1979062","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination campaign trends and challenges in select Asian countries","volume":"29","author":"J Huh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0305659.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e048172","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048172","article-title":"Public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines: cross-national evidence on levels and individual-level predictors using observational data","volume":"11","author":"MF Lindholt","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0305659.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064468","article-title":"Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"F Savira","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0305659.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.03.022","article-title":"What is driving unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in adult Bangladeshi after one year of vaccine rollout? 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Estimating causal effects of experimental treatments on binary outcomes using regression analysis","volume":"150","author":"R Gomila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0305659.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0290412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290412","article-title":"Integrating health belief model and theory of planned behavior to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among urban slum people in Bangladesh","volume":"18","author":"MM Patwary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0305659.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080864","article-title":"The health belief model predicts intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia: results from a cross-sectional survey","volume":"9","author":"I Mahmud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0305659.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0257096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257096","article-title":"Knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceived risk about COVID-19 vaccine and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Bangladesh","volume":"16","author":"S Mahmud","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0305659.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1951248","article-title":"Disproportionate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among healthcare professionals on the eve of nationwide vaccine distribution in Bangladesh","volume":"20","author":"AM Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert review of vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0305659.ref041","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pro-religion attitude predicts lower vaccination coverage at country level","volume":"11","author":"ZF Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0305659.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01459-7","article-title":"Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","volume":"27","author":"S Machingaidze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T17:22:04Z","timestamp":1723224124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305659"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mohammad Meshbahur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305659","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]}}}