{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T01:55:40Z","timestamp":1774144540068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAMRC-RFA-EMU-10-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAMRC-RFA-EMU-10-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005274","name":"North-West University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Canada"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral treatment (ART) are both associated with hypercoagulability. Altered clot properties could be a potential mechanism thereof. We aimed to investigate the association of HIV and ART, with fibrinogen and plasma clot properties in a group of Black South Africans.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>At baseline, 151 newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLWH) and 176 controls were recruited. Some PLWH subsequently commenced with ARTs (n = 70) while others remained ART-na\u00efve (n = 81). Fibrinogen and clot properties (turbidity assay) were investigated from baseline to 5-year follow-up. A sub-group of 21 women (n = 10 ART-treated; n = 11 ART-na\u00efve) with HIV was systematically selected and matched with 12 controls, and additional clot properties (rheometry, permeability and fibre diameter) were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fibrinogen was lower in the HIV groups compared to the controls, while % \u03b3\u2018 fibrinogen was higher. PLWH had shorter lag times and lower maximum absorbance than the controls (p&lt;0.05). Their CLTs on the other hand were longer. Most variables increased over time in all groups, but differences in the degree of change over time was observed for lag time (p = 0.024) and permeability (p = 0.03). Participants who commenced with ART had a tendency of delayed clot formation (p = 0.08) and increased clot permeability (p = 0.005).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PLWH had lower total fibrinogen concentration and formed less dense clots. They also formed clots that were more difficult to lyse, which likely not resulted from altered clot properties. ART use (NNRTI\u2019s) had a moderately protective effect, delaying clot formation, and increasing clot permeability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T18:50:57Z","timestamp":1719341457000},"page":"e0305826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HIV infection and ART use are associated with altered plasma clot characteristics in Black South Africans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9113-3930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shams","family":"Bakali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zelda","family":"de Lange-Loots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anine","family":"Jordaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-6370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marlien","family":"Pieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0305826.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e809","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30230-9","article-title":"The global burden of HIV and prospects for control","volume":"6","author":"A Pandey","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0305826.ref002","volume-title":"Global HIV & AIDS statistics","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7760","key":"pone.0305826.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1200-9","article-title":"Mapping HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2017","volume":"570","author":"L Dwyer-Lindgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0305826.ref004","article-title":"Countries with the highest prevalence of HIV in 2000 and (2019).","author":"J. 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