{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:21:19Z","timestamp":1762604479950,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Violence against women is a widespread public health concern with severe effects to women\u2019s sexual and reproductive health, including higher risks for miscarriage or stillbirth, unintended pregnancy and induced abortion. This study examined the association between women exposure to physical violence, psychological violence and sexual and reproductive health outcomes (contraceptive use, miscarriage or stillbirth and abortion) in Germany.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study used a cross-sectional research design to analyze data on violence against women and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes collected through the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, Wave 1, between 2008 and 2011 (n = 3149 women, aged 18\u201364 years). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between experiences of violence among women and the presence of sexual and reproductive health outcomes, considering the influence of socio-demographic and health-related factors (age, marital status, socioeconomic status, social support, number of children, alcohol consumption, health status, chronic conditions).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three associations remained significant (p&lt;0.05) in fully-adjusted models: (i) exposure to physical violence by a parent or caregiver and birth control pill utilization (aOR, adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.02\u20131.81) (ii) exposure to physical violence since the age of 16 and miscarriage or stillbirth (aOR, 95%CI: 1.89, 1.17\u20133.04); and (iii) exposure to psychological violence by a parent or caregiver and abortion (aOR, 95%CI: 1.87, 1.30\u20132.70).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results suggest that adult German women who experienced physical or psychological violence since the age of 16, including violence perpetrated by a parent or caregiver, were more likely to report miscarriage or stillbirth and abortion. Direct assessment of violence experiences against women should be conducted by healthcare professionals in clinical encounters, particularly by obstetrics and gynaecological specialists, for the prevention of women\u00b4s adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Furthermore, violence should be treated as a major public health concern and addressed through a multisectoral approach, involving the healthcare and educational sectors, researchers and relevant policymakers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T17:36:28Z","timestamp":1723224988000},"page":"e0305992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women who experienced violence in Germany: Analysis of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Antonia Marie","family":"Wellmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9696-7088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diogo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"WHO Multi-Country Study on Women\u2019s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women: Initital Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women\u2019s Resposnes","year":"2005","author":"C Garcia-Moreno","key":"pone.0305992.ref001"},{"volume-title":"Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence","year":"2022","author":"MJ Costa","key":"pone.0305992.ref002"},{"key":"pone.0305992.ref003","unstructured":"UNWomen. 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Schr\u00f6ttle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Die Studienergebnisse des Robert-Koch-Instituts zu Gewalt gegen Frauen und M\u00e4nner: Ein Lehrst\u00fcck f\u00fcr die Notwendigkeit einer methodisch versierten Erfassung, Auswertung und Interpretation geschlechtervergleichender Daten im Rahmen einer geschlechtersensib"},{"key":"pone.0305992.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820701832770","article-title":"Gynaecological symptoms associated with physical and sexual violence.","volume":"29","author":"H Mark","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0305992.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8","article-title":"Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence","volume":"368","author":"C Garcia-Moreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T17:36:57Z","timestamp":1723225017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305992"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hanani","family":"Tabana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0305992","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]}}}