{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T01:57:26Z","timestamp":1786672646374,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring and improving the quality of sleep are crucial from a public health perspective. In this study, we propose a change-point detection method using diffusion maps for a more accurate detection of respiratory arrest points. Conventional change-point detection methods are limited when dealing with complex nonlinear data structures, and the proposed method overcomes these limitations. The proposed method embeds subsequence data in a low-dimensional space while considering the global and local structures of the data and uses the distance between the data as the score of the change point. Experiments using synthetic and real-world contact-free sensor data confirmed the superiority of the proposed method when dealing with noise, and it detected apnea events with greater accuracy than conventional methods. In addition to improving sleep monitoring, the proposed method can be applied in other fields, such as healthcare, manufacturing, and finance. This study will contribute to the development of advanced monitoring systems that adapt to diverse conditions while protecting privacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T19:04:28Z","timestamp":1719515068000},"page":"e0306139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Change-point detection using diffusion maps for sleep apnea monitoring with contact-free sensors"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4581-4473","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Momo","family":"Shirotori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2291-0323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasuo","family":"Sugitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306139.ref001","first-page":"179","article-title":"The public health and safety consequences of sleep disorders","volume":"85","author":"K Sigurdson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0306139.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864","article-title":"Short- and longterm health consequences of sleep disruption","author":"G Medic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306139.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12296","article-title":"Cognitive benefits of last night\u2019s sleep: daily variations in children\u2019s sleep behavior are related to working memory fluctuations","volume":"56","author":"T K\u00f6nen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306139.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00004-4","article-title":"Sleep quality versus sleep quantity: relationships between sleep and measures of health, well-being and sleepiness in college students","volume":"42","author":"JJ Pilcher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"pone.0306139.ref005","article-title":"Sleep as a component of the performance triad: the importance of sleep in a military population","author":"CV Lentino","year":"2013","journal-title":"US Army Medical Department Journal"},{"key":"pone.0306139.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2009.00816.x","article-title":"Poor reported sleep quality predicts low positive affect in daily life among healthy and mood-disordered persons","volume":"19","author":"B Bower","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"pone.0306139.ref007","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment","author":"E Van der Helm","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0306139.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John A, Nundy KK, Cardiff B, John D. 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