{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:25:50Z","timestamp":1778084750612,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a global health issue, and a significant portion of individuals with MDD experience Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), characterized by the lack of response to adequately trialed antidepressant medication and therapy. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as an intervention for individuals with TRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will conduct a thorough search for publications of randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Furthermore, reference lists of included studies will be manually screened for additional relevant articles, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search will be conducted from the inception of the databases until June 2024. Our PICO-guided research questions are: (1) In adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression, is MBCT more effective than standard care or other active treatments in reducing depressive symptoms? (2) In adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression, does MBCT demonstrate a comparable safety profile to standard care or other active treatments? The quality of the included studies will be assessed independently using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy as an intervention for Treatment-Resistant Depression, and will employ the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to appraise the confidence in the evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Prospero registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Prospero registration ID:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023411978\" xlink:type=\"simple\">CRD42023411978<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Registered on April 07, 2023.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T13:26:42Z","timestamp":1728998802000},"page":"e0306227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3823-9925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele","family":"F. Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Junkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Appolinario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2152-4669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio E.","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0306227.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. World Health Organization; 2017. Accessed May 22, 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306227.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0303967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303967","article-title":"Dialectical Behavior Therapy as an intervention for Treatment Resistant Depression in adults: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"L Junkes","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405901206","article-title":"Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Effects on Psychosocial Functioning and Implications for Treatment","volume":"59","author":"RW Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref004","first-page":"540","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder: Section 3. Pharmacological Treatments","author":"SAGE Publications Inc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.073","article-title":"Real-world evidence from a European cohort study of patients with treatment resistant depression: Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes","volume":"290","author":"K Heerlein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.01.019","article-title":"Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study","volume":"47","author":"T Barnhofer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0495","article-title":"Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Stress Management in Healthy People: A Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"A Chiesa","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref008","first-page":"1990","volume-title":"Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness","author":"Dell Publishing"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1350","article-title":"Mindfulness in Medicine","volume":"300","author":"DS Ludwig","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref010","volume-title":"Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression","author":"Guilford Publications","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref011","first-page":"125","article-title":"Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: Trends and developments","volume":"9","author":"MB Mackenzie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000442260","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression","volume":"85","author":"SJ Eisendrath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22788","article-title":"Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant depression: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"MB Cladder-Micus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2019-0016","article-title":"The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for reducing rumination and improving mindfulness and selfcompassion in patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"42","author":"A Foroughi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306227.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"M. Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306227.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035558","article-title":"The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): psychometric properties","volume":"26","author":"AJ Rush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"AT Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306227.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283504","article-title":"Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness","volume":"13","author":"RA Baer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0306227.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1348\/014466508X314891","article-title":"Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire (SMQ)","volume":"47","author":"P Chadwick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306227.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake","volume":"61","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref021","first-page":"148","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"20","author":"D Moher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Espanola de Nutricion Humana y Dietetica"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0306227.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719828965","article-title":"Current and common definitions of treatment-resistant depression: findings from a systematic review and qualitative interviews","volume":"64","author":"S Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref024","unstructured":"WHO. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders\u2013Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: WHO; 1992"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref025","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019\/2021) International classification of diseases, eleventh revision (ICD-11)."},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref026","article-title":"Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: A product from the ESRC Methods Programme","author":"University of Lancaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancaster: Institute for Health Research"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biostat. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3. Englewood, NJ: Biostat; 2015. doi: 10.1037\/t73692-000","DOI":"10.1037\/t73692-000"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref028","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 3.1.1. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2014. Available from: https:\/\/www.Rproject.org\/"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref029","unstructured":"QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo (Version 12) [Software]. 2018. Available from:https:\/\/www.qsrinternational.com\/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software\/home"},{"key":"pone.0306227.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.011","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 5. Rating the quality of evidence\u2014Publication bias","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316594","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T13:48:50Z","timestamp":1740750530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306227"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kyoung-Sae","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306227","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.06.16.24308994","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]}}}