{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:51:59Z","timestamp":1791755519286,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["19180802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19180802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psittacosis, or parrot fever, is a zoonotic disease caused by <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> species associated with birds. One of the causative agents of the disease is <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>, which is commonly carried by psittacine and other bird species, can be highly pathogenic and virulent to humans. In Hong Kong, a city with high population density, psittacosis is a notifiable disease with over 60% of cases in the last decade resulting in hospitalization. However, the sources of transmission of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic> and its prevalence in pet birds in Hong Kong are currently unknown. To evaluate the risks of psittacosis transmission through pet birds, we tested the presence of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic> and determined its genotypes in samples obtained from 516 captive birds from households, pet shops, and a veterinary hospital in Hong Kong. Results revealed that five samples (0.97%), collected from budgerigars and cockatiels, were <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>psittaci<\/jats:italic>-positive, while four (80%) of them were obtained from pet shops. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that all identified strains belonged to Genotype A and showed high similarity to other sequences of this genotype obtained from various geographical locations and host species, including mammals. Our findings provide evidence for the presence of <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic> and shed light on its sources in captive birds in Hong Kong. They highlight the potential zoonotic risks associated with this pathogen, which can affect both humans and wild birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T18:06:02Z","timestamp":1725645962000},"page":"e0306528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and genotypes of Chlamydia psittaci in pet birds of Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jackie Cheuk Kei","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannes Wai Yan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily Shui Kei","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Wyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Le Lin","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo Lit Man","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2484-2897","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon Yung Wa","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0306528.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1647\/217-265","article-title":"Compendium of Measures to Control Chlamydia psittaci Infection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017","volume":"31","author":"G. 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