{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:24:25Z","timestamp":1769171065842,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021084","name":"Ulsan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UUH-2018-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UUH-2018-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The invention of Light Emitting Diode (LED) revolutionized energy-efficient illumination, but concerns persist regarding the potential harm of blue light to our eyes. In this study, we scrutinized the impact of LED light characteristics on eyes using two cell types: M-1 (rich in mitochondria) and CD-1 (neuronal). Variations in color rendering index (CRI) and correlated color temperature (CCT) were investigated, alongside exposure durations ranging from 0 to 24 hours. The findings illuminated the potential benefits of high-quality LED lighting, characterized by a high CRI and low CCT, which emits a greater proportion of red light. This form of lighting was associated with enhanced cell proliferation, elevated ATP levels, and reduced oxidative stress. In contrast, LEDs with low CRI and high CCT exhibited adverse effects, diminishing cell viability and increasing oxidative stress. These results suggest that high-quality LED lighting may have neuroprotective potential as a treatment option, such as for retinal ganglion cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T17:34:20Z","timestamp":1725039260000},"page":"e0306656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effects of light emitting diodes on mitochondrial function and cellular viability of M-1 cell and mouse CD1 brain cortex neurons"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jong Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Ook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hak","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-232X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306656.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"HA Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306656.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Stud","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306656.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1995.tb00135.x","article-title":"Ganglion cell death in glaucoma: pathology recapitulates ontogeny","volume":"23","author":"HA Quigley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306656.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750401900205","article-title":"Mitochondrial alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"SJ Baloyannis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306656.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(95)00038-6","article-title":"Role of mitochondria in the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1271","author":"Y Mizuno","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0306656.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10771","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.23.10771","article-title":"Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging","volume":"91","author":"MK Shigenaga","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306656.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7333","article-title":"Abnormal mitochondrial morphology in sporadic Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease cybrid cell lines","volume":"162","author":"PA Trimmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"6326","key":"pone.0306656.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal0092","article-title":"Vitamin B3 modulates mitochondrial vulnerability and prevents glaucoma in aged mice","volume":"355","author":"PA Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0306656.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2016.11.009","article-title":"Visual light effects on mitochondria: The potential implications in relation to glaucoma","volume":"36","author":"NN Osborne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306656.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.082230","article-title":"A hypothesis to suggest that light is a risk factor in glaucoma and the mitochondrial optic neuropathies","volume":"90","author":"NN Osborne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306656.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A20","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.117-a20","article-title":"Missing the dark: health effects of light pollution","volume":"117","author":"R. 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