{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:27:49Z","timestamp":1790735269849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nThe worldwide increase in multidrug resistance is a major threat to public health. One particular concern is the presence of Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> strains that carry Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase enzymes, which can make multiple antibiotics ineffective. This complicates treatment strategies and raises the risk of illness and death. The aim of this study was to isolate E<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7, assess its susceptibility against antimicrobial agents, and determine the presence of ESBL and Carbapenemase production in stool samples collected from diarrheic patients in Shashemene, west Arsi, Ethiopia from July to November 2022.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nThe samples were cultured McConkey Agar and E<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> were isolated and identified by standard biochemical tests using API 20E. E<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 was further identified using sorbitol McConkey Agar and antisera for O157 antigen test. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby\u2013Bauer disc diffusion method using different antibiotics. Each identified isolate was screened and tested for phenotypical ESBL and Carbapenemase production using combined disc method and modified carbapenem inactivation method, respectively. Bivariant and multivariant analyses were employed using a logistic regression model for further analysis and were interpreted based on the odds ratio and level of statistical significance at a p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nE<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 strain was found from 9% (38\/423) study participants. The majority of the participants [61.9% (262\/423)] were males; and 19.1% (81\/ 423) of the participants were under five children. Living in urban areas, having domestic animals, and \u22655 family size in the household were identified as statistically significant factors associated with E<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7. Twenty-seven (71.1%) and 12 (31.6%) of the 38 E<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 isolates were phenotypically confirmed to be ESBL and carbapenemase producers, respectively. All isolates were resistant against Ampicillin, but sensitive to ciprofloxacin. High resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin\/Clavulanic acid was observed among the ESBL and carbapenemase producing isolates also. The extent of detection of multidrug resistant E<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 isolates against three or more classes of antimicrobial agents tested was alarmingly very high (84%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nThe E<\/jats:italic>. coli<\/jats:italic> O157:H7 isolates in this study showed a significant resistance to certain antimicrobials that were tested. The level of ESBL and Carbapenemase production among these isolates was found to be quite high. We observed a high resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin\/Clavulanic acid among the ESBL and carbapenemase producing isolates. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective drug against both the ESBL producers and nonproducers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T18:27:14Z","timestamp":1722536834000},"page":"e0306691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 among diarrheic patients in Shashemene, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0599-8282","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shimelis Teshome","family":"Ayalneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biruk Yeshitela","family":"Beshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonji","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seifegebriel","family":"Teshome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9722-809X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomas","family":"Getahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Gebreselassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mekonnen","family":"Teferi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woldaregay Erku","family":"Abegaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0306691.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2021.01.006","article-title":"Burden of foodborne diseases: think global, act local","volume":"39","author":"S.M. Pires","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Op in Food Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306691.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftv033","article-title":"Characterization of the pathogenome and phylogenomic classification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of the O157:non-H7 serotypes","volume":"73","author":"F. Sanjar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306691.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12737","article-title":"Pore-forming toxins of foodborne pathogens","volume":"20","author":"R. Banerji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref004","article-title":"Review on Food poisoning (Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment)","volume":"3","author":"N.M. Aljamali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Acad J Pharm Drug Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306691.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2017.3.529","article-title":"Foodborne pathogens","volume":"3","author":"T. Bintsis","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIMS Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8846592","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8846592","article-title":"Occurrence and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in Raw Beef and Hygienic Practices in Abattoir and Retailer Shops in Ambo Town, Ethiopia","volume":"2021","author":"N.D. Tadese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306691.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1829","article-title":"Perspectives on super-shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle","volume":"12","author":"K.D. Munns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref008","unstructured":"Organization, W.H., Estimating the burden of foodborne diseases: a practical handbook for countries: a guide for planning, implementing and reporting country-level burden of foodborne disease. 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306691.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.0908.08007","article-title":"A brief overview of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and its plasmid O157","volume":"20","author":"J.Y. Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0306691.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2009.820.824","article-title":"Detection of Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli Strains Isolated from Stool Samples of Patients with Diarrhea in Abadan Hospitals, Iran","volume":"9","author":"Nabi Jomehzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419874","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5419874","article-title":"Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Their Mechanism of Action and Prophylaxis","volume":"2022","author":"A. Bharadwaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref012","unstructured":"WHO. Antimicrobial resistance fact sheet. 2023; https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0306691.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa534","article-title":"Comparative genomics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) reveals a similar distribution of the 10 most prevalent ESBL-Ec clones and ESBL genes among human community faecal and extra-intestinal infection isolates in the Netherlands (2014\u201317)","volume":"76","author":"T.D. Verschuuren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref014","article-title":"Enteric pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility profile among pediatric patients with diarrhea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","author":"Z. Ayenew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethiop. med. j"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306691.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0196919","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196919","article-title":"Food hygiene and safety measures among food handlers in street food shops and food establishments of Dessie town, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"M. Adane","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0306691.ref016","first-page":"954","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli O157 isolated between 1998 and 2003 in The Netherlands","volume":"132","author":"H.I. Roest","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tijdschr Diergeneeskd"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306691.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks516","article-title":"Detection of a Shiga toxin- and extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 human clinical isolate","volume":"68","author":"M. Torpdahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0306691.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01263-15","article-title":"Characterization of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Japan","volume":"53","author":"R. Kawahara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.10.014","article-title":"Molecular analysis of multidrug resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from meat and dairy products","volume":"193","author":"A.M. Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306691.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/MRJI\/2017\/32081","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing enter Ohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strain O157: H7 from cattle and humans in Moshi, Northern Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"R.S. Mkala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiology Research Journal International"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref021","unstructured":"CSA and Ethiopia. Population Projection wereda as of July 2021. 2021; https:\/\/www.statsethiopia.gov.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Population-of-weredas-as-of-July-2021.pdf."},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref022","unstructured":"CLSI, M100-Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 2022. p. 152."},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref023","first-page":"227","article-title":"Isolation of Escherichia coli and Its Associated Risk Factor from Diarrheic Children in Wolaita Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"A. Wolde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Rep Trop Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306691.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v15i2.45","article-title":"Antibiogram of E. coli serotypes isolated from children aged under five with acute diarrhea in Bahir Dar town","volume":"15","author":"A. Adugna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306691.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2020.2830","article-title":"Occurrence, Molecular Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli O157 in Cattle, Beef, and Humans in Bishoftu Town, Central Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"F.D. Gutema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306691.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0246024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246024","article-title":"Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and associated factors in under-five children in Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"D.K. Getaneh","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306691.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4236\/ojmm.2021.113013","article-title":"Molecular Prevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Diarrheagenic E. coli in Children under 5 Years Old in the City of Koula-Moutou, East-Central Gabon","volume":"11","author":"R.M. Mabika","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.46881\/ajsn.v10i0.190","article-title":"Prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157: h7, shiga toxin genes and antibiotic resistance in children aged 0\u20135 years with diarrhoea in ibadan, oyo state","volume":"10","author":"A.M. Deji-Agboola","year":"2020","journal-title":"African Journal of Science and Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306691.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.03.015","article-title":"Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in water sources: an overview on associated diseases, outbreaks and detection methods","volume":"82","author":"T. Saxena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306691.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1590-8","article-title":"Escherichia coli O157:H7: distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export abattoir, Mojdo, Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"S. Abreham","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref031","unstructured":"WHO. Urban health Fact sheet. 2021 [cited 2023; https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/urban-health."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0306691.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161685","article-title":"High Gastrointestinal Colonization Rate with Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Hospitalized Patients: Emergence of Carbapenemase-Producing K. pneumoniae in Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"K. Desta","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0306691.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v21i2.8","article-title":"Prevalence and antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from bovine in jimma, Ethiopia: abattoirbased survey","volume":"21","author":"A.F. Haile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiopian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"pone.0306691.ref034","unstructured":"Misker, N., Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Raw Meat in Selected Abattoirs and Butcher Shops, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., in department of microbiology, immunology anad parasitology. 2021, Addis Ababa University."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306691.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-0964-z","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157 in beef at butcher shops and restaurants in central Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"A.F. Beyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T18:27:45Z","timestamp":1722536865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306691"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tsegaye","family":"Alemeyhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306691","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}