{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T18:15:15Z","timestamp":1760552115983,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea"},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Kore a","award":["NRF-RS-2023\u201300253065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-RS-2023\u201300253065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the preoperative choriocapillaris perfusion (CCP) as a biomarker in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>28 patients (28 eyes) with unilateral iERM who received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling were included for retrospective observational study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA) was performed before and after PPV. Area, perimeter, and circularity of superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were analyzed preoperatively in both eyes using OCTA. Preoperative CCP was also analyzed with binarized en-face OCTA images. Measurements of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) by OCT were conducted at the baseline and 6 months following the surgery. The correlations of preoperative OCT parameters with postoperative BCVA and CFT reduction were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CCP was significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and FAZ had shrunk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) in eyes with iERM compared to unaffected fellow eyes before surgery. BCVA and CFT became significantly improved after surgery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that preoperative CCP was significantly related with BCVA improvement (\u03b2 = 0.185, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), postoperative BCVA (\u03b2 = 0.108, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.023) and ratio of post- to preoperative CFT (\u03b2 = 0.106, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Preoperative CCP is a biomarker for poor functional and anatomical prognosis after surgery in iERM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T17:36:40Z","timestamp":1720201000000},"page":"e0306735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploratory analysis of choriocapillaris vasculature as a biomarker of idiopathic epiretinal membrane"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gee-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9978-6215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young-Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0306735.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000636","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000636","article-title":"Relationship between morphological changes in the foveal avascular zone of the epiretinal membrane and postoperative visual function","volume":"5","author":"H Yoshida","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref002","first-page":"371","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for epiretinal membrane: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study","volume":"101","author":"N Cheung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001537","article-title":"Effects of internal limiting membrane peeling combined with removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"K Azuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002211","article-title":"Long-term prognostic factors for visual improvement after epiretinal membrane removal","volume":"39","author":"S Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.06.021","article-title":"Structural and functional predictors of visual outcome of epiretinal membrane surgery","volume":"153","author":"JH Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.09.011","article-title":"The significance of cone outer segment tips as a prognostic factor in epiretinal membrane surgery","volume":"153","author":"M Shimozono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.06.006","article-title":"Inner segment\/outer segment junction assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"150","author":"M Inoue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7302","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12702","article-title":"Correlation between foveal cone outer segment tips line and visual recovery after epiretinal membrane surgery","volume":"54","author":"Y Itoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.686","article-title":"Outer retinal morphology and visual function in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"131","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000602","article-title":"Inner nuclear layer thickness as a prognostic factor for metamorphopsia after epiretinal membrane surgery","volume":"35","author":"F Okamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1848-9","article-title":"Morphologic and functional association of retinal layers beneath the epiretinal membrane with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes without photoreceptor abnormality","volume":"250","author":"HC Koo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.06.001","article-title":"Inner Nuclear Layer Thickness, a Biomarker of Metamorphopsia in Epiretinal Membrane, Correlates With Tangential Retinal Displacement","volume":"193","author":"Y Ichikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.006","article-title":"Insights Into Epiretinal Membranes: Presence of Ectopic Inner Foveal Layers and a New Optical Coherence Tomography Staging Scheme","volume":"175","author":"A Govetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.046","article-title":"Correlation between metamorphopsia and epiretinal membrane optical coherence tomography findings","volume":"116","author":"A Watanabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_440_22","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index changes with phacovitrectomy for vitreoretinal interface disorders","volume":"70","author":"ZE Ercan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102110","article-title":"Is choroidal vascularity index a useful marker in different stages of idiopathic epiretinal membranes?","volume":"33","author":"BS Gediz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0239992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239992","article-title":"Association of macular choroidal thickness with optical coherent tomography morphology in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"15","author":"IM Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02748-6","article-title":"Short-term postoperative changes in the choroidal vascularity index in patients with a unilateral epiretinal membrane","volume":"23","author":"K Ruan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061768","article-title":"Ocular Blood Flow Changes Impact Visual Acuity Gain after Surgical Treatment for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane","volume":"9","author":"F Rommel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20171030-06","article-title":"Quantitative Choriocapillaris Perfusion Before and After Vitrectomy in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"48","author":"Y Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8866407","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8866407","article-title":"The Role of OCT Angiography in the Assessment of Epiretinal Macular Membrane","volume":"2021","author":"D Bacherini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6770","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9683","article-title":"Associations between metamorphopsia and foveal microstructure in patients with epiretinal membrane","volume":"53","author":"F Okamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001199","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of macular-foveal capillaries evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"37","author":"MV Cicinelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3148-2","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"254","author":"FJ Freiberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3640-y","article-title":"Quantification of changes in foveal capillary architecture caused by idiopathic epiretinal membrane using OCT angiography","volume":"255","author":"P Nelis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0272-3","article-title":"Macular microvasculature features before and after vitrectomy in idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane: an OCT angiography analysis","volume":"33","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001972","article-title":"Foveal avascular zone area analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography before and after idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery","volume":"39","author":"Y Kitagawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04245-x","article-title":"Relationship between the morphology of the foveal avascular zone and the degree of aniseikonia before and after vitrectomy in patients with unilateral epiretinal membrane","volume":"257","author":"A Hirata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21417","article-title":"Choroidal Vascular Flow Area in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"58","author":"M Nicol\u00f2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S15848","article-title":"Preoperative factors predictive of postoperative decimal visual acuity \u2265 1.0 following surgical treatment for idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"5","author":"H Kunikata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311188","article-title":"Macular capillary plexuses after epiretinal membrane surgery: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"102","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1082-x","article-title":"Involvement of M\u00fcller glial cells in epiretinal membrane formation","volume":"247","author":"A Bringmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0306735.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.6.25","article-title":"Visualization of Choriocapillaris and Choroidal Vasculature in Healthy Eyes With En Face Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Angiography","volume":"7","author":"JC Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T17:37:02Z","timestamp":1720201022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306735"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Wedrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306735","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]}}}