{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T19:24:27Z","timestamp":1772220267875,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP 12S-0216-190094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP 12S-0216-190094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP 13S-0128-200185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP 13S-0128-200185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GSRA8-L-1-0501-21022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSRA8-L-1-0501-21022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UREP30-041-3-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UREP30-041-3-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004252","name":"Qatar University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QUCG-BRC-23-24-170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUCG-BRC-23-24-170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the predominant cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide; however, data on HAV antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) among migrant populations are limited. This study aimed to investigate HAV seroprevalence among Qatar\u2019s migrant craft and manual workers (CMWs), constituting approximately 60% of the country\u2019s population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HAV antibody testing was conducted on stored serum specimens obtained from CMWs during a nationwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) population-based cross-sectional survey between July 26 and September 9, 2020. Associations with HAV infection were investigated through regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 2,607 specimens with HAV antibody test results, 2,393 were positive, and 214 were negative. The estimated HAV seroprevalence among CMWs was 92.0% (95% CI: 90.9\u201393.1%). HAV seroprevalence was generally high but exhibited some variation, ranging from 70.9% (95% CI: 62.4\u201378.2%) among Sri Lankans to 99.8% (95% CI: 98.2\u201399.9%) among Pakistanis. The multivariable regression analysis identified age, nationality, and educational attainment as statistically significant factors associated with HAV infection. Relative to CMWs aged \u226429 years, the adjusted relative risk (ARR) was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03\u20131.10) in CMWs aged 30\u201339 years and reached 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10\u20131.19) in those aged \u226550 years. In comparison to Indians, the ARR was lower among Sri Lankans, assessed at 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72\u20130.91), but higher among Nepalese at 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04\u20131.11), Bangladeshis at 1.10 (95% CI: 1.07\u20131.13), Pakistanis at 1.12 (95% CI: 1.09\u20131.15), and Egyptians at 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08\u20131.23). No evidence for differences was found by geographic location or occupation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HAV seroprevalence among Qatar\u2019s CMW population is very high, with over nine out of every ten individuals having been exposed to this infection, likely during childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T14:12:29Z","timestamp":1720534349000},"page":"e0306753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of hepatitis A virus among migrant workers in Qatar: A national study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nadin","family":"Younes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-6968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiam","family":"Chemaitelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9695-1422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Parveen Banu","family":"Nizamuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasneem","family":"Al-Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marah","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi M.","family":"Yassine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0790-0506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laith J.","family":"Abu-Raddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9252-1038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gheyath K.","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0306753.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.035","article-title":"Global burden of acute viral hepatitis and its association with socioeconomic development status, 1990\u20132019","volume":"75","author":"DY Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"pone.0306753.ref002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Hepatitis A. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-a. Accessed on January 5, 2024. 2023."},{"key":"pone.0306753.ref003","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Immunological Basis for Immunization Series, Module 18: Hepatitis A Update; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/97892516327. 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Global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022\u20132030. Found at: file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/gm15\/Downloads\/9789240053779-eng.pdf. Accessed June 7, 2023. 2022."},{"key":"pone.0306753.ref010","first-page":"2024","volume":"10","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","journal-title":"Summary of WHO Position Paper on hepatitis A vaccines"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306753.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073146","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2073146","article-title":"Hepatitis A in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a comprehensive review.","volume":"18","author":"S Badur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother."},{"key":"pone.0306753.ref012","article-title":"CDC Yellow Book","author":"N. Nelson","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306753.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85428-7","article-title":"Characterizing the Qatar advanced-phase SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.","volume":"11","author":"LJ Abu-Raddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0306753.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab221","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab221","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is at Herd Immunity in the Majority Segment of the Population of Qatar.","volume":"8","author":"MH Al-Thani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306753.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-012291","article-title":"All-cause and COVID-19 mortality in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","author":"AA AlNuaimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0306753.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2705.204365","article-title":"Herd Immunity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in 10 Communities, Qatar","volume":"27","author":"A Jeremijenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0306753.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-10-57","article-title":"Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection.","volume":"10","author":"K Mohd Hanafiah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306753.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02157-1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among the migrant workers in Qatar.","volume":"20","author":"GK Nasrallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0306753.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21404","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among male craft and manual workers in Qatar (2020\u20132021).","volume":"9","author":"N Younes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0306753.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61725-9","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among migrant workers in Qatar.","volume":"14","author":"GK Nasrallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0306753.ref021","unstructured":"Planning and Statistics Authority-State of Qatar. 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